ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAF
1
Good conditionFunctions but needs attentionIncompleteHasn't started or totally brokenSTARDUST LIBRARY TUTORIAL:
https://agilexps.wordpress.com/2018/11/19/sdlib/
2
KEY: First entry in string is the collection, followed by the section, any subsections, and the item's unique # within its section
STARDUST LIBRARY TUTORIAL:
https://agilexps.wordpress.com/2018/11/19/sdlib/
3
Date of CreationMinecraft Book AuthorStardust Library Call#ItemOriginal author & title or citationLink to online sourceNotes1.151.161.13/141.11/121.8-1.10
Copy & Paste (1.12 and under)
LIBRARY SIGNS
4
2020/05/25JeruvielBMP0001Book of Many PlacesCody LestelleN/A
/give @p written_book{pages:['{"text":"Welcome to the Book of Many Places!\\n\\nClick the name of a world to take you where your heart desires."}','["",{"text":"Aloha Aina","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp AlohaAina"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Where dirt is scarce & earth is loved.(Credit: Mojang & AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Anubis City","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp AnubisCity"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":" (","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":"MAP","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/ancient-anubis-city/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":")","color":"reset","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Hawaiian Kingdom","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp HawaiianKingdom"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Hawai\\u02bbi Nei(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Roma Aeterna","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp RomaAeterna"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":" (","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":"MAP","color":"dark_blue","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":")","color":"reset","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Southern Salish Sea","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp SouthernSalishSea"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":" \\n(","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"MAP","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://m4dpr0f.wordpress.com/2019/05/04/salish-sea-minecraft-map-for-minefaire-seattle/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":")","color":"reset","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Spawn World","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp world"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Where the self is lost & found in blocks.(Credit: Mojang)"}}]','["",{"text":"Would you like to see a new place added to the book of many places?\\n\\nLeave a note via the "},{"text":"Academy for Gameful & Immersive Learning Experiences","bold":true,"clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/about"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click to learn more"}},{"text":" at\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"agilexps.com/contact","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/contact"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click to reach out"}}]'],title:"Book of Many Places BMP0001",author:Jeruviel,generation:3,display:{Lore:["Takes you where you will."]}}
5
2020/06/29BE2020.T01.N
/give @p written_book{pages:['{"text":"You awaken. How long was your slumber, you do not know. Who, what, why, where, when, and how you were.... you also cannot recall. All memories seem a blur of smokey marbles, disappearing as soon as you grasp at one or another as though it were your own.","color":"black"}','["",{"text":" \\u0020You gather your senses. You look up, down, and all around. You appear to be floating high above an ","color":"black"},{"text":"ancient Egyptian city","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/ancient-anubis-city/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Mahalo RSA built team for this! Click here to Diamond project on PMC"}},{"text":". A central plaza and obelisk lay directly below. Surrounding the Plaza are ornate houses. You can imagine the interiors must be very rich","color":"black"}]','{"text":"if they are anything like the outside. In one direction you see the city gates guarded by two gigantic Anubis figures who have their backs to you. The opposite direction you see the same figures from the front, guarding the entrance to an even more gigantic pyramid.","color":"black"}','["",{"text":"You recall with certainty that Anubis is a Jackal faced God who presides over the afterlife. Is that where you are now? The Afterlife? Have you died? Were you alive?","color":"black"},{"text":"\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":" \\u0020Your questions are interrupted by the loud humming of a\\u2026 portal. There appear to be many doors here\\u2026","color":"black"}]','{"text":"each with a different image above, apparently indicating where that door leads. Yet only one door seems to be open at the moment, all other portals evidently require further steps for activation. You look around some more, and it is clear that there is only one way out of","color":"black"}','{"text":"this sky-box that you are confined within. The door that reads MINECRAFT and has some very blocky looking figures upon it, looking rather adventurous and akin to yourself. Who are you? Well, can you think of anything better to do right now than stepping through","color":"black"}','{"text":"that door?","color":"black"}'],title:"BE2020.T01.N - Tier 0 Narrative",author:"Jeruviel Stardust",generation:3,display:{Lore:["This book narrates the story of the AGILE Multiversity experience to player-scholars upon entry. Read to begin writing with us."]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:['{"text":"Welcome to the Book of Many Places!\\n\\nClick the name of a world to take you where your heart desires."}','["",{"text":"Aloha Aina","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp AlohaAina"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Where dirt is scarce & earth is loved.(Credit: Mojang & AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Anubis City","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp AnubisCity"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":" (","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":"MAP","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/ancient-anubis-city/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":")","color":"reset","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"To the realm of the ancient god of the afterlife.(Credit: RSA build team)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Hawaiian Kingdom","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp HawaiianKingdom"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Hawai\\u02bbi Nei(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Roma Aeterna","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp RomaAeterna"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":" (","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":"MAP","color":"dark_blue","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":")","color":"reset","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Rome, Valentian III, 5th Century CE (AD)(Credit: Heraclius & MolochBaal)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Southern Salish Sea","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp SouthernSalishSea"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":" \\n(","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"MAP","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://m4dpr0f.wordpress.com/2019/05/04/salish-sea-minecraft-map-for-minefaire-seattle/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":")","color":"reset","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Year 4717, Pacific Northwest wetlands resurgence.(Credit: AGILE XPS)"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Spawn World","clickEvent":{"action":"run_command","value":"/mvtp world"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Where the self is lost & found in blocks.(Credit: Mojang)"}}]','["",{"text":"Would you like to see a new place added to the book of many places?\\n\\nLeave a note via the "},{"text":"Academy for Gameful & Immersive Learning Experiences","bold":true,"clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/about"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to learn more"}},{"text":" at\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"agilexps.com/contact","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/contact"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to reach out"}}]'],title:"Book of Many Places BMP0001",author:Jeruviel,generation:3,display:{Lore:["Takes you where you will."]}}
6
A&W2020ALOHA AND WELCOME0
/give @p written_book{pages:['["",{"text":"Aloha & Welcome to the "},{"text":"AGILE","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click to visit our website"}},{"text":" ","color":"dark_blue"},{"text":"Multiversity","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.planetminecraft.com/server/agile-multiversity/"}},{"text":"\\n\\n1) You have just arrived from the ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Ancient Anubis City","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/ancient-anubis-city/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click to Diamond project on Planet Minecraft"}},{"text":"\\n\\n2) By playing here, you agree to follow our ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Esports Code of Conduct","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/an-esports-code-of-conduct.pdf"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click to read"}},{"text":"\\n\\n3) Collaborate with others to survive","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"4) Right click opposite corners of desired rectangle to claim area of property to protect your builds\\n\\n5) Input /trust [player name] to share land claim with another\\n\\n6) Input /untrust [player name] to revoke trust."}','["",{"text":"7) You mission, should you chose to accept it: recover your lost consciousness, identities & memories. Begin by building a ship.\\n"},{"text":"Recipe:","bold":true},{"text":" 1 block diamond, 4 blocks gold, 7 blocks redstone, & shell.\\nInput: /mail send Jeruviel (XYZ) location of ship to advance.\\n ","color":"reset"}]'],title:"Aloha & Welcome to AGILE Multiversity",author:"Jeruviel & agilexps.com",display:{Lore:["A brief introduction to your journey through time"]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:['["",{"text":"Aloha & Welcome to the "},{"text":"AGILE","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to visit our website"}},{"text":" ","color":"dark_blue"},{"text":"Multiversity","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.planetminecraft.com/server/agile-multiversity/"}},{"text":"\\n\\n1) You have just arrived from the ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Ancient Anubis City","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/ancient-anubis-city/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to Diamond project on Planet Minecraft"}},{"text":"\\n\\n2) By playing here, you agree to follow our ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Esports Code of Conduct","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/an-esports-code-of-conduct.pdf"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to read"}},{"text":"\\n\\n3) Collaborate with others to survive","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"4) Right click opposite corners of desired rectangle to claim area of property to protect your builds\\n\\n5) Input /trust [player name] to share land claim with another\\n\\n6) Input /untrust [player name] to revoke trust."}','["",{"text":"7) You mission, should you chose to accept it: recover your lost consciousness, identities & memories. Begin by building a ship.\\n"},{"text":"Recipe:","bold":true},{"text":" 1 block diamond, 4 blocks gold, 7 blocks redstone, & shell.\\nInput: /mail send Jeruviel (XYZ) location of ship to advance.\\n ","color":"reset"}]'],title:"Aloha & Welcome to AGILE Multiversity",author:"Jeruviel & agilexps.com",display:{Lore:["A brief introduction to your journey through time"]}}
7
09/24/2020Cedar0001Cedar
Jeruviel & indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca
https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/cedar/
/give @p written_book{pages:['["",{"text":"Cedar","bold":true,"color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/cedar/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click here for link to original source"}},{"text":"\\nCedar is a well-known symbol of the Northwest Coast. For thousands of years, coastal First Nations in British Columbia have the versatile wood in many aspects of their lives.1 Not only is cedar a key natural resource in the production of material","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"goods, the tree also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs and ceremonial life of coastal First Nations. This section will explain how cedar is harvested, used, and perceived by coastal First Nations from an ethnobotany perspective.2"}','["",{"text":"Biology of cedar","bold":true},{"text":"\\nThere are two native species of cedar trees that grow in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia: Yellow Cedar and Western Red Cedar. Yellow Cedar usually stands between 20 to 40 metres tall, and it is distinguished from","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"Red Cedar by its smaller size and bushier growth. Yellow Cedar typically grows at subalpine elevations in damp coastal forests ranging from Vancouver Island to Alaska, but is rarely found in inland regions. Unlike Yellow Cedar, Red Cedar"}','{"text":"is common both on the coast and in moist slopes and valleys of the Interior. As a result, some Interior Salish groups also harvested Red Cedar, but not to the extent of the coastal peoples.3\\nRed Cedar can grow up to 70 metres tall"}','{"text":"and live up to 1,000 years old. With its lightweight and rot-resistant wood, Red Cedar is the most versatile and most widely-used plant among coastal First Nations.4 Yellow Cedar bark is softer and more pliable than Red Cedar, so the former"}','{"text":"is frequently used to make clothing and other fibrous materials, while the latter is used more commonly for architecture and transportation, such as house poles and canoes.5 If you are interested in learning more about the biology"}','{"text":"of cedar and how to identify them, please refer to the published by the B.C. Ministry of Forests.\\nCoast Salish peoples have a creation story that explains the origins of Cedar. According to the story, there once lived a good man who always gave away his"}','{"text":"belongings and food to others. The Creator recognized the man\\u2019s kindness, and declared that once the man dies, a Red Cedar tree will grow where he is buried, and the tree will continue to help the people.6 The Nuu-chah-nulth of Vancouver Island have a similar origin story"}','{"text":"for Yellow Cedar. According to their stories, Yellow Cedar trees were transformed from three young women running up a mountain. Therefore, Yellow Cedar trees are found on the slopes of subalpine mountains, and contain soft inner bark, like that of"}','["",{"text":"woman\\u2019s hair.7\\n"},{"text":"Harvesting","bold":true},{"text":"\\nBoth types of cedar are harvested by coastal First Nations to create a variety of implements for daily use and ceremonial purposes.8 Almost every part of a cedar tree can be used, including the","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"roots, the bark, the wood, and the withes (the smaller, more pliable sub-branches of a tree).\\nWhile the process of harvesting cedar will inevitably cause some damage to the tree, harvesters use methods that ensure the survival of the"}','{"text":"tree as a species. It is traditional practice that before a tree is cut down, the woodcutters will say a prayer and express their gratitude to the tree\\u2019s spirit. Traditionally, men were responsible for cutting down a tree, which is a time-"}','{"text":"consuming and laborious process that involves chiselling and heating the tree with red-hot stones to weaken the wood. They would make use of various woodworking tools, which historically included stone adzes and bone drills. The harvesting"}','{"text":"of cedar bark was typically performed by women. Harvesting cedar bark requires careful skill and knowledge, or otherwise, the tree could be killed from infestation or stunted growth. A harvester would choose a straight, young tree"}','{"text":"and de-bark only portions of the tree to ensure its survival.9 As a result, thousands of these harvested trees, with distinctive scar marks, can be found in old-growth forests and some commercial clear-cut forests. These trees, referred"}','["",{"text":"to as , are considered important heritage sites by archaeologists. Under the "},{"text":"Heritage Conservation Act","italic":true},{"text":" (1996) in B.C., a forest utilization site containing a CMT created prior to 1846 is protected by law.10 Today, Aboriginal","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"peoples continue to create new CMTs as part of their cultural and economic activities and still utilize environmentally sustainable methods passed down from their ancestors.11\\n\\n"},{"text":"Uses of cedar","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\n\\n ","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"The astounding variety of objects that can be created from a single tree is a testament to a profound cultural interrelationship between humans and plants. The importance of cedar is reflected in tools and everyday objects, but also in"}','{"text":"ceremonial objects and regalia. This section will explain some common uses and well-known objects created from cedar. However, each culture has developed its own techniques and uses for cedar, and it is important to keep in mind that we provide"}','{"text":"only a general overview, and this section does not reflect all the complexities and variations that are found among different First Nations.\\nStarting with the base of the tree, cedar roots can be dried and braided to form"}','{"text":"cordage for hats and baskets. The Coast Salish used cedar root to create a unique type of coil basketry.12 With the right technique, a cedar basket can be made watertight and heatproof. As a result, cedar baskets are used as \\u201cpots"}','{"text":"and pans\\u201d for cooking and boiling water. Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added.\\nThe withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally grow in long"}','{"text":"strands, making them a suitable choice for ropes and lashing. The Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw of northern Vancouver Island made three-ply rope for whaling from young Red Cedar. Because of their strength, cedar withes are also used as lashing to make wood"}','{"text":"and stone weapons, as well as burden baskets for carrying heavy objects. As coastal First Nations did not traditionally use metal nails and bolts, withes were used to lash together roof planks and setting baseboards, a vital part of house"}','{"text":"construction.13\\nThe most versatile part of the cedar is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw warriors wore protective armour"}','{"text":"made from bark rope during battle. Like roots and withes, bark is also made into ropes, baskets, and fishing nets. The inner bark of the Yellow Cedar was valued for its softness and absorbability, so women used them for baby diapers and"}','{"text":"bedding, sanitary napkins, and towels. Expecting mothers gave birth in a pit lined with Yellow Cedar bark to receive the infant. Furthermore, dried bark burned slowly, providing excellent tinder for matches and torches.\\nCedar wood is strong,"}','{"text":"lightweight, and straight-grained, so it is easy to split and carve, and made into totem poles, masks, and longhouses. Coastal First Nations, who depended on fish as the main staple of their diet, developed a wide array of fishing gear from cedar,"}','{"text":"including canoes, paddles, hooks, spears, and fishing floats. Once caught, fish were preserved in cedar smokehouses or dried on cedar racks. Food can be stored or served in bentwood boxes, which are made from a single cedar plank"}','{"text":"bent using steam to form four sides. Bentwood boxes, especially those decorated with paint or carvings, were once a valuable trade item along the Northwest Coast. Bentwood boxes could be used to hold all sorts of goods, and"}','{"text":"they also served as burial boxes for the deceased.14\\nLonghouses formed the central dwelling unit of each village, with large extended families living together under the same roof. Cedar poles formed the foundations of the house, followed by a"}','{"text":"framework of fluted beams overlaid with cedar roof planks. Carved house frontal poles would occasionally be positioned at the entrance, particularly amongst the Haida and Tlingit. These poles typically depict the crests and lineage of"}','{"text":"a family, as well as the hereditary rights and ancestors of the owners. Many First Nations decorated house posts, mortuary poles, and memorial poles with intricate carvings of stylized human figures and animals.\\nIn addition to"}','{"text":"everyday use, cedar is used for a variety of ceremonial purposes. Families often commissioned a carver to create cedar figures for a potlatch, usually as a welcoming gesture to the guests. Ceremonial dancers\\u2019 regalia might include head rings,"}','["",{"text":"neck rings, wristlets braided from cedar, as well as cedar masks.\\n\\n"},{"text":"Cedar and spirituality","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\nGiven the importance of cedar in everyday life, it is clear that cedar also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs of","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"coastal First Nations. These beliefs recognize that the cedar tree has its own life and spirit. Coast Salish and Tlingit shamans often had cedar \\u201cspirit assistants\\u201d or \\u201cguard figures\\u201d to protect them.15\\nCedar was also widely"}','{"text":"valued for its healing abilities. Yellow Cedar bark, which has anti-inflammatory properties, was frequently applied as a dressing for wounds, as a tourniquet, or to ward off evil. Many beliefs and taboos are also associated with the"}','{"text":"cedar tree. For example, a person who killed a tree through improper harvesting would be cursed by other cedar trees. Similarly, some believe a pregnant woman should not braid baskets, lest the umbilical cord would twist around the"}','{"text":"baby\\u2019s neck. As the cedar is a long-lived tree, some Coast Salish groups ensured a long life for their infants by placing the afterbirth in the stump of a large cedar.16\\nAs a plant that has ensured the survival of people for thousands of years,"}','{"text":"cedar has become a powerful symbol of strength and revitalization. The deep respect for cedar is a rich tradition that spans thousands of years and continues to be culturally, spiritually, and economically important.\\n\\n "}','["",{"text":"By Alice Huang\\nRecommended resources\\n\\n"},{"text":"Videos","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\u201cBill Reid\\u201d \\u2013 National Film Board of Canada. ","color":"reset"},{"text":"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/"}},{"text":"\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"The Story of Cedar","italic":true,"clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click to watch on YouTube"}},{"text":" - Sechelt Arts Fest 2015","color":"reset","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Click to watch on YouTube"}}]','["",{"text":"\\u201cImportance of Cedar\\u201d \\u2013 SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. "},{"text":"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/videos/13/","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Source no longer available here"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Images and online exhibits","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\u201cCedar: A Journey into Time Memorial\\u201d SFU Museum of","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Archaeology and Ethnology. "},{"text":"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/panoramas/beach/cedar/","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Source no longer available here"}},{"text":"\\n\\u201cThunderbird Park\\u201d Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. "},{"text":"http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Online_Ex/default.aspx","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","value":"Source no longer available here"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Books & Articles","bold":true},{"text":"\\n ","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"McMillan, Alan D., and Eldon Yellowhorn. "},{"text":"First Peoples in Canada","italic":true},{"text":". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 2004.\\nNelson, John David. ","color":"reset"},{"text":"A Vanishing Heritage: The Loss of Red Cedar from Canada\\u2019s Forests.","italic":true},{"text":" Vancouver: Western Canada Wilderness Committee, 2004.\\n ","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Stewart, Hilary. "},{"text":"Cedar","italic":true},{"text":". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984.\\nStryd, Arnoud H., and Vicki Feddema.","color":"reset"},{"text":" \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees.\\u201d Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project.","italic":true},{"text":" Vancouver: David Suzuki","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Foundation, 1998.\\nTurner, Nancy J. "},{"text":"Plant Technology of First Peoples in British Columbia.","italic":true},{"text":" Vancouver: UBC Press,1998.\\nEndnotes\\n1 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Trees,\\u201d "},{"text":"Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project","italic":true},{"text":" (Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation, 1998), 6.\\n2 Ethnobotany is a sub-discipline of anthropology that studies the relationship between people and plants\\n3 Nancy J. Turner, ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Plant Technology of","italic":true}]','["",{"text":"First Peoples in British Columbia","italic":true},{"text":" (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998), 71.\\n4 ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Ibid","italic":true},{"text":".\\n5 Turner, 68.\\n6 Hilary Stewart, ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Cedar ","italic":true},{"text":"(Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984), 27.\\n7 Stewart, 27.\\n8 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees,\\u201d 6.\\n9 Stewart 114.\\n10 Styd and Feddema, 12.\\n11 "},{"text":"Ibid","italic":true},{"text":".\\n12 Stewart, 174.\\n13 Stewart, 165.\\n14 Stewart, 87.\\n15 Stewart, 84.\\n16 Stewart, 180.","color":"reset"}]'],title:Cedar,author:"Jeruviel & Indigenous Arts UBC",display:{Lore:["All about Cedar.","Biology, Harvesting, Uses, Spirituality."]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:['["",{"text":"Cedar","bold":true,"color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/cedar/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click here for link to original source"}},{"text":"\\nCedar is a well-known symbol of the Northwest Coast. For thousands of years, coastal First Nations in British Columbia have the versatile wood in many aspects of their lives.1 Not only is cedar a key natural resource in the production of material","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"goods, the tree also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs and ceremonial life of coastal First Nations. This section will explain how cedar is harvested, used, and perceived by coastal First Nations from an ethnobotany perspective.2"}','["",{"text":"Biology of cedar","bold":true},{"text":"\\nThere are two native species of cedar trees that grow in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia: Yellow Cedar and Western Red Cedar. Yellow Cedar usually stands between 20 to 40 metres tall, and it is distinguished from","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"Red Cedar by its smaller size and bushier growth. Yellow Cedar typically grows at subalpine elevations in damp coastal forests ranging from Vancouver Island to Alaska, but is rarely found in inland regions. Unlike Yellow Cedar, Red Cedar"}','{"text":"is common both on the coast and in moist slopes and valleys of the Interior. As a result, some Interior Salish groups also harvested Red Cedar, but not to the extent of the coastal peoples.3\\nRed Cedar can grow up to 70 metres tall"}','{"text":"and live up to 1,000 years old. With its lightweight and rot-resistant wood, Red Cedar is the most versatile and most widely-used plant among coastal First Nations.4 Yellow Cedar bark is softer and more pliable than Red Cedar, so the former"}','{"text":"is frequently used to make clothing and other fibrous materials, while the latter is used more commonly for architecture and transportation, such as house poles and canoes.5 If you are interested in learning more about the biology"}','{"text":"of cedar and how to identify them, please refer to the published by the B.C. Ministry of Forests.\\nCoast Salish peoples have a creation story that explains the origins of Cedar. According to the story, there once lived a good man who always gave away his"}','{"text":"belongings and food to others. The Creator recognized the man\\u2019s kindness, and declared that once the man dies, a Red Cedar tree will grow where he is buried, and the tree will continue to help the people.6 The Nuu-chah-nulth of Vancouver Island have a similar origin story"}','{"text":"for Yellow Cedar. According to their stories, Yellow Cedar trees were transformed from three young women running up a mountain. Therefore, Yellow Cedar trees are found on the slopes of subalpine mountains, and contain soft inner bark, like that of"}','["",{"text":"woman\\u2019s hair.7\\n"},{"text":"Harvesting","bold":true},{"text":"\\nBoth types of cedar are harvested by coastal First Nations to create a variety of implements for daily use and ceremonial purposes.8 Almost every part of a cedar tree can be used, including the","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"roots, the bark, the wood, and the withes (the smaller, more pliable sub-branches of a tree).\\nWhile the process of harvesting cedar will inevitably cause some damage to the tree, harvesters use methods that ensure the survival of the"}','{"text":"tree as a species. It is traditional practice that before a tree is cut down, the woodcutters will say a prayer and express their gratitude to the tree\\u2019s spirit. Traditionally, men were responsible for cutting down a tree, which is a time-"}','{"text":"consuming and laborious process that involves chiselling and heating the tree with red-hot stones to weaken the wood. They would make use of various woodworking tools, which historically included stone adzes and bone drills. The harvesting"}','{"text":"of cedar bark was typically performed by women. Harvesting cedar bark requires careful skill and knowledge, or otherwise, the tree could be killed from infestation or stunted growth. A harvester would choose a straight, young tree"}','{"text":"and de-bark only portions of the tree to ensure its survival.9 As a result, thousands of these harvested trees, with distinctive scar marks, can be found in old-growth forests and some commercial clear-cut forests. These trees, referred"}','["",{"text":"to as , are considered important heritage sites by archaeologists. Under the "},{"text":"Heritage Conservation Act","italic":true},{"text":" (1996) in B.C., a forest utilization site containing a CMT created prior to 1846 is protected by law.10 Today, Aboriginal","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"peoples continue to create new CMTs as part of their cultural and economic activities and still utilize environmentally sustainable methods passed down from their ancestors.11\\n\\n"},{"text":"Uses of cedar","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\n\\n ","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"The astounding variety of objects that can be created from a single tree is a testament to a profound cultural interrelationship between humans and plants. The importance of cedar is reflected in tools and everyday objects, but also in"}','{"text":"ceremonial objects and regalia. This section will explain some common uses and well-known objects created from cedar. However, each culture has developed its own techniques and uses for cedar, and it is important to keep in mind that we provide"}','{"text":"only a general overview, and this section does not reflect all the complexities and variations that are found among different First Nations.\\nStarting with the base of the tree, cedar roots can be dried and braided to form"}','{"text":"cordage for hats and baskets. The Coast Salish used cedar root to create a unique type of coil basketry.12 With the right technique, a cedar basket can be made watertight and heatproof. As a result, cedar baskets are used as \\u201cpots"}','{"text":"and pans\\u201d for cooking and boiling water. Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added.\\nThe withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally grow in long"}','{"text":"strands, making them a suitable choice for ropes and lashing. The Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw of northern Vancouver Island made three-ply rope for whaling from young Red Cedar. Because of their strength, cedar withes are also used as lashing to make wood"}','{"text":"and stone weapons, as well as burden baskets for carrying heavy objects. As coastal First Nations did not traditionally use metal nails and bolts, withes were used to lash together roof planks and setting baseboards, a vital part of house"}','{"text":"construction.13\\nThe most versatile part of the cedar is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw warriors wore protective armour"}','{"text":"made from bark rope during battle. Like roots and withes, bark is also made into ropes, baskets, and fishing nets. The inner bark of the Yellow Cedar was valued for its softness and absorbability, so women used them for baby diapers and"}','{"text":"bedding, sanitary napkins, and towels. Expecting mothers gave birth in a pit lined with Yellow Cedar bark to receive the infant. Furthermore, dried bark burned slowly, providing excellent tinder for matches and torches.\\nCedar wood is strong,"}','{"text":"lightweight, and straight-grained, so it is easy to split and carve, and made into totem poles, masks, and longhouses. Coastal First Nations, who depended on fish as the main staple of their diet, developed a wide array of fishing gear from cedar,"}','{"text":"including canoes, paddles, hooks, spears, and fishing floats. Once caught, fish were preserved in cedar smokehouses or dried on cedar racks. Food can be stored or served in bentwood boxes, which are made from a single cedar plank"}','{"text":"bent using steam to form four sides. Bentwood boxes, especially those decorated with paint or carvings, were once a valuable trade item along the Northwest Coast. Bentwood boxes could be used to hold all sorts of goods, and"}','{"text":"they also served as burial boxes for the deceased.14\\nLonghouses formed the central dwelling unit of each village, with large extended families living together under the same roof. Cedar poles formed the foundations of the house, followed by a"}','{"text":"framework of fluted beams overlaid with cedar roof planks. Carved house frontal poles would occasionally be positioned at the entrance, particularly amongst the Haida and Tlingit. These poles typically depict the crests and lineage of"}','{"text":"a family, as well as the hereditary rights and ancestors of the owners. Many First Nations decorated house posts, mortuary poles, and memorial poles with intricate carvings of stylized human figures and animals.\\nIn addition to"}','{"text":"everyday use, cedar is used for a variety of ceremonial purposes. Families often commissioned a carver to create cedar figures for a potlatch, usually as a welcoming gesture to the guests. Ceremonial dancers\\u2019 regalia might include head rings,"}','["",{"text":"neck rings, wristlets braided from cedar, as well as cedar masks.\\n\\n"},{"text":"Cedar and spirituality","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\nGiven the importance of cedar in everyday life, it is clear that cedar also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs of","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"coastal First Nations. These beliefs recognize that the cedar tree has its own life and spirit. Coast Salish and Tlingit shamans often had cedar \\u201cspirit assistants\\u201d or \\u201cguard figures\\u201d to protect them.15\\nCedar was also widely"}','{"text":"valued for its healing abilities. Yellow Cedar bark, which has anti-inflammatory properties, was frequently applied as a dressing for wounds, as a tourniquet, or to ward off evil. Many beliefs and taboos are also associated with the"}','{"text":"cedar tree. For example, a person who killed a tree through improper harvesting would be cursed by other cedar trees. Similarly, some believe a pregnant woman should not braid baskets, lest the umbilical cord would twist around the"}','{"text":"baby\\u2019s neck. As the cedar is a long-lived tree, some Coast Salish groups ensured a long life for their infants by placing the afterbirth in the stump of a large cedar.16\\nAs a plant that has ensured the survival of people for thousands of years,"}','{"text":"cedar has become a powerful symbol of strength and revitalization. The deep respect for cedar is a rich tradition that spans thousands of years and continues to be culturally, spiritually, and economically important.\\n\\n "}','["",{"text":"By Alice Huang\\nRecommended resources\\n\\n"},{"text":"Videos","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\u201cBill Reid\\u201d \\u2013 National Film Board of Canada. ","color":"reset"},{"text":"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/"}},{"text":"\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"The Story of Cedar","italic":true,"clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to watch on YouTube"}},{"text":" - Sechelt Arts Fest 2015","color":"reset","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to watch on YouTube"}}]','["",{"text":"\\u201cImportance of Cedar\\u201d \\u2013 SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. "},{"text":"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/videos/13/","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Source no longer available here"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Images and online exhibits","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\u201cCedar: A Journey into Time Memorial\\u201d SFU Museum of","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Archaeology and Ethnology. "},{"text":"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/panoramas/beach/cedar/","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Source no longer available here"}},{"text":"\\n\\u201cThunderbird Park\\u201d Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. "},{"text":"http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Online_Ex/default.aspx","hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Source no longer available here"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Books & Articles","bold":true},{"text":"\\n ","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"McMillan, Alan D., and Eldon Yellowhorn. "},{"text":"First Peoples in Canada","italic":true},{"text":". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 2004.\\nNelson, John David. ","color":"reset"},{"text":"A Vanishing Heritage: The Loss of Red Cedar from Canada\\u2019s Forests.","italic":true},{"text":" Vancouver: Western Canada Wilderness Committee, 2004.\\n ","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Stewart, Hilary. "},{"text":"Cedar","italic":true},{"text":". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984.\\nStryd, Arnoud H., and Vicki Feddema.","color":"reset"},{"text":" \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees.\\u201d Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project.","italic":true},{"text":" Vancouver: David Suzuki","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Foundation, 1998.\\nTurner, Nancy J. "},{"text":"Plant Technology of First Peoples in British Columbia.","italic":true},{"text":" Vancouver: UBC Press,1998.\\nEndnotes\\n1 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Trees,\\u201d "},{"text":"Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project","italic":true},{"text":" (Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation, 1998), 6.\\n2 Ethnobotany is a sub-discipline of anthropology that studies the relationship between people and plants\\n3 Nancy J. Turner, ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Plant Technology of","italic":true}]','["",{"text":"First Peoples in British Columbia","italic":true},{"text":" (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998), 71.\\n4 ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Ibid","italic":true},{"text":".\\n5 Turner, 68.\\n6 Hilary Stewart, ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Cedar ","italic":true},{"text":"(Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984), 27.\\n7 Stewart, 27.\\n8 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees,\\u201d 6.\\n9 Stewart 114.\\n10 Styd and Feddema, 12.\\n11 "},{"text":"Ibid","italic":true},{"text":".\\n12 Stewart, 174.\\n13 Stewart, 165.\\n14 Stewart, 87.\\n15 Stewart, 84.\\n16 Stewart, 180.","color":"reset"}]'],title:Cedar,author:"Jeruviel & Indigenous Arts UBC",display:{Lore:["All about Cedar.","Biology, Harvesting, Uses, Spirituality."]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Cedar\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/cedar/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here for link to original source\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nCedar is a well-known symbol of the Northwest Coast. For thousands of years, coastal First Nations in British Columbia have the versatile wood in many aspects of their lives.1 Not only is cedar a key natural resource in the production of material\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"goods, the tree also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs and ceremonial life of coastal First Nations. This section will explain how cedar is harvested, used, and perceived by coastal First Nations from an ethnobotany perspective.2\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Biology of cedar\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nThere are two native species of cedar trees that grow in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia: Yellow Cedar and Western Red Cedar. Yellow Cedar usually stands between 20 to 40 metres tall, and it is distinguished from\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Red Cedar by its smaller size and bushier growth. Yellow Cedar typically grows at subalpine elevations in damp coastal forests ranging from Vancouver Island to Alaska, but is rarely found in inland regions. Unlike Yellow Cedar, Red Cedar\"}","{\"text\":\"is common both on the coast and in moist slopes and valleys of the Interior. As a result, some Interior Salish groups also harvested Red Cedar, but not to the extent of the coastal peoples.3\\nRed Cedar can grow up to 70 metres tall\"}","{\"text\":\"and live up to 1,000 years old. With its lightweight and rot-resistant wood, Red Cedar is the most versatile and most widely-used plant among coastal First Nations.4 Yellow Cedar bark is softer and more pliable than Red Cedar, so the former\"}","{\"text\":\"is frequently used to make clothing and other fibrous materials, while the latter is used more commonly for architecture and transportation, such as house poles and canoes.5 If you are interested in learning more about the biology\"}","{\"text\":\"of cedar and how to identify them, please refer to the published by the B.C. Ministry of Forests.\\nCoast Salish peoples have a creation story that explains the origins of Cedar. According to the story, there once lived a good man who always gave away his\"}","{\"text\":\"belongings and food to others. The Creator recognized the man\\u2019s kindness, and declared that once the man dies, a Red Cedar tree will grow where he is buried, and the tree will continue to help the people.6 The Nuu-chah-nulth of Vancouver Island have a similar origin story\"}","{\"text\":\"for Yellow Cedar. According to their stories, Yellow Cedar trees were transformed from three young women running up a mountain. Therefore, Yellow Cedar trees are found on the slopes of subalpine mountains, and contain soft inner bark, like that of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"woman\\u2019s hair.7\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Harvesting\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nBoth types of cedar are harvested by coastal First Nations to create a variety of implements for daily use and ceremonial purposes.8 Almost every part of a cedar tree can be used, including the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"roots, the bark, the wood, and the withes (the smaller, more pliable sub-branches of a tree).\\nWhile the process of harvesting cedar will inevitably cause some damage to the tree, harvesters use methods that ensure the survival of the\"}","{\"text\":\"tree as a species. It is traditional practice that before a tree is cut down, the woodcutters will say a prayer and express their gratitude to the tree\\u2019s spirit. Traditionally, men were responsible for cutting down a tree, which is a time-\"}","{\"text\":\"consuming and laborious process that involves chiselling and heating the tree with red-hot stones to weaken the wood. They would make use of various woodworking tools, which historically included stone adzes and bone drills. The harvesting\"}","{\"text\":\"of cedar bark was typically performed by women. Harvesting cedar bark requires careful skill and knowledge, or otherwise, the tree could be killed from infestation or stunted growth. A harvester would choose a straight, young tree\"}","{\"text\":\"and de-bark only portions of the tree to ensure its survival.9 As a result, thousands of these harvested trees, with distinctive scar marks, can be found in old-growth forests and some commercial clear-cut forests. These trees, referred\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"to as , are considered important heritage sites by archaeologists. Under the \"},{\"text\":\"Heritage Conservation Act\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (1996) in B.C., a forest utilization site containing a CMT created prior to 1846 is protected by law.10 Today, Aboriginal\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"peoples continue to create new CMTs as part of their cultural and economic activities and still utilize environmentally sustainable methods passed down from their ancestors.11\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Uses of cedar\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"The astounding variety of objects that can be created from a single tree is a testament to a profound cultural interrelationship between humans and plants. The importance of cedar is reflected in tools and everyday objects, but also in\"}","{\"text\":\"ceremonial objects and regalia. This section will explain some common uses and well-known objects created from cedar. However, each culture has developed its own techniques and uses for cedar, and it is important to keep in mind that we provide\"}","{\"text\":\"only a general overview, and this section does not reflect all the complexities and variations that are found among different First Nations.\\nStarting with the base of the tree, cedar roots can be dried and braided to form\"}","{\"text\":\"cordage for hats and baskets. The Coast Salish used cedar root to create a unique type of coil basketry.12 With the right technique, a cedar basket can be made watertight and heatproof. As a result, cedar baskets are used as \\u201cpots\"}","{\"text\":\"and pans\\u201d for cooking and boiling water. Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added.\\nThe withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally grow in long\"}","{\"text\":\"strands, making them a suitable choice for ropes and lashing. The Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw of northern Vancouver Island made three-ply rope for whaling from young Red Cedar. Because of their strength, cedar withes are also used as lashing to make wood\"}","{\"text\":\"and stone weapons, as well as burden baskets for carrying heavy objects. As coastal First Nations did not traditionally use metal nails and bolts, withes were used to lash together roof planks and setting baseboards, a vital part of house\"}","{\"text\":\"construction.13\\nThe most versatile part of the cedar is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw warriors wore protective armour\"}","{\"text\":\"made from bark rope during battle. Like roots and withes, bark is also made into ropes, baskets, and fishing nets. The inner bark of the Yellow Cedar was valued for its softness and absorbability, so women used them for baby diapers and\"}","{\"text\":\"bedding, sanitary napkins, and towels. Expecting mothers gave birth in a pit lined with Yellow Cedar bark to receive the infant. Furthermore, dried bark burned slowly, providing excellent tinder for matches and torches.\\nCedar wood is strong,\"}","{\"text\":\"lightweight, and straight-grained, so it is easy to split and carve, and made into totem poles, masks, and longhouses. Coastal First Nations, who depended on fish as the main staple of their diet, developed a wide array of fishing gear from cedar,\"}","{\"text\":\"including canoes, paddles, hooks, spears, and fishing floats. Once caught, fish were preserved in cedar smokehouses or dried on cedar racks. Food can be stored or served in bentwood boxes, which are made from a single cedar plank\"}","{\"text\":\"bent using steam to form four sides. Bentwood boxes, especially those decorated with paint or carvings, were once a valuable trade item along the Northwest Coast. Bentwood boxes could be used to hold all sorts of goods, and\"}","{\"text\":\"they also served as burial boxes for the deceased.14\\nLonghouses formed the central dwelling unit of each village, with large extended families living together under the same roof. Cedar poles formed the foundations of the house, followed by a\"}","{\"text\":\"framework of fluted beams overlaid with cedar roof planks. Carved house frontal poles would occasionally be positioned at the entrance, particularly amongst the Haida and Tlingit. These poles typically depict the crests and lineage of\"}","{\"text\":\"a family, as well as the hereditary rights and ancestors of the owners. Many First Nations decorated house posts, mortuary poles, and memorial poles with intricate carvings of stylized human figures and animals.\\nIn addition to\"}","{\"text\":\"everyday use, cedar is used for a variety of ceremonial purposes. Families often commissioned a carver to create cedar figures for a potlatch, usually as a welcoming gesture to the guests. Ceremonial dancers\\u2019 regalia might include head rings,\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"neck rings, wristlets braided from cedar, as well as cedar masks.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Cedar and spirituality\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nGiven the importance of cedar in everyday life, it is clear that cedar also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"coastal First Nations. These beliefs recognize that the cedar tree has its own life and spirit. Coast Salish and Tlingit shamans often had cedar \\u201cspirit assistants\\u201d or \\u201cguard figures\\u201d to protect them.15\\nCedar was also widely\"}","{\"text\":\"valued for its healing abilities. Yellow Cedar bark, which has anti-inflammatory properties, was frequently applied as a dressing for wounds, as a tourniquet, or to ward off evil. Many beliefs and taboos are also associated with the\"}","{\"text\":\"cedar tree. For example, a person who killed a tree through improper harvesting would be cursed by other cedar trees. Similarly, some believe a pregnant woman should not braid baskets, lest the umbilical cord would twist around the\"}","{\"text\":\"baby\\u2019s neck. As the cedar is a long-lived tree, some Coast Salish groups ensured a long life for their infants by placing the afterbirth in the stump of a large cedar.16\\nAs a plant that has ensured the survival of people for thousands of years,\"}","{\"text\":\"cedar has become a powerful symbol of strength and revitalization. The deep respect for cedar is a rich tradition that spans thousands of years and continues to be culturally, spiritually, and economically important.\\n\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"By Alice Huang\\nRecommended resources\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Videos\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cBill Reid\\u201d \\u2013 National Film Board of Canada. \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Story of Cedar\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to watch on YouTube\"}},{\"text\":\" - Sechelt Arts Fest 2015\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to watch on YouTube\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u201cImportance of Cedar\\u201d \\u2013 SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/videos/13/\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Images and online exhibits\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cCedar: A Journey into Time Memorial\\u201d SFU Museum of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Archaeology and Ethnology. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/panoramas/beach/cedar/\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cThunderbird Park\\u201d Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Online_Ex/default.aspx\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Books & Articles\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"McMillan, Alan D., and Eldon Yellowhorn. \"},{\"text\":\"First Peoples in Canada\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 2004.\\nNelson, John David. \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"A Vanishing Heritage: The Loss of Red Cedar from Canada\\u2019s Forests.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: Western Canada Wilderness Committee, 2004.\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Stewart, Hilary. \"},{\"text\":\"Cedar\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984.\\nStryd, Arnoud H., and Vicki Feddema.\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees.\\u201d Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: David Suzuki\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Foundation, 1998.\\nTurner, Nancy J. \"},{\"text\":\"Plant Technology of First Peoples in British Columbia.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: UBC Press,1998.\\nEndnotes\\n1 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Trees,\\u201d \"},{\"text\":\"Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation, 1998), 6.\\n2 Ethnobotany is a sub-discipline of anthropology that studies the relationship between people and plants\\n3 Nancy J. Turner, \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Plant Technology of\",\"italic\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"First Peoples in British Columbia\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998), 71.\\n4 \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Ibid\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\".\\n5 Turner, 68.\\n6 Hilary Stewart, \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Cedar \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"(Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984), 27.\\n7 Stewart, 27.\\n8 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees,\\u201d 6.\\n9 Stewart 114.\\n10 Styd and Feddema, 12.\\n11 \"},{\"text\":\"Ibid\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\".\\n12 Stewart, 174.\\n13 Stewart, 165.\\n14 Stewart, 87.\\n15 Stewart, 84.\\n16 Stewart, 180.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:Cedar,author:"Jeruviel & Indigenous Arts UBC",display:{Lore:["All about Cedar.","Biology, Harvesting, Uses, Spirituality."]}}
/give @p written_book 1 0 {pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Cedar\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/cedar/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here for link to original source\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nCedar is a well-known symbol of the Northwest Coast. For thousands of years, coastal First Nations in British Columbia have the versatile wood in many aspects of their lives.1 Not only is cedar a key natural resource in the production of material\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"goods, the tree also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs and ceremonial life of coastal First Nations. This section will explain how cedar is harvested, used, and perceived by coastal First Nations from an ethnobotany perspective.2\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Biology of cedar\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nThere are two native species of cedar trees that grow in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia: Yellow Cedar and Western Red Cedar. Yellow Cedar usually stands between 20 to 40 metres tall, and it is distinguished from\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Red Cedar by its smaller size and bushier growth. Yellow Cedar typically grows at subalpine elevations in damp coastal forests ranging from Vancouver Island to Alaska, but is rarely found in inland regions. Unlike Yellow Cedar, Red Cedar\"}","{\"text\":\"is common both on the coast and in moist slopes and valleys of the Interior. As a result, some Interior Salish groups also harvested Red Cedar, but not to the extent of the coastal peoples.3\\nRed Cedar can grow up to 70 metres tall\"}","{\"text\":\"and live up to 1,000 years old. With its lightweight and rot-resistant wood, Red Cedar is the most versatile and most widely-used plant among coastal First Nations.4 Yellow Cedar bark is softer and more pliable than Red Cedar, so the former\"}","{\"text\":\"is frequently used to make clothing and other fibrous materials, while the latter is used more commonly for architecture and transportation, such as house poles and canoes.5 If you are interested in learning more about the biology\"}","{\"text\":\"of cedar and how to identify them, please refer to the published by the B.C. Ministry of Forests.\\nCoast Salish peoples have a creation story that explains the origins of Cedar. According to the story, there once lived a good man who always gave away his\"}","{\"text\":\"belongings and food to others. The Creator recognized the man\\u2019s kindness, and declared that once the man dies, a Red Cedar tree will grow where he is buried, and the tree will continue to help the people.6 The Nuu-chah-nulth of Vancouver Island have a similar origin story\"}","{\"text\":\"for Yellow Cedar. According to their stories, Yellow Cedar trees were transformed from three young women running up a mountain. Therefore, Yellow Cedar trees are found on the slopes of subalpine mountains, and contain soft inner bark, like that of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"woman\\u2019s hair.7\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Harvesting\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nBoth types of cedar are harvested by coastal First Nations to create a variety of implements for daily use and ceremonial purposes.8 Almost every part of a cedar tree can be used, including the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"roots, the bark, the wood, and the withes (the smaller, more pliable sub-branches of a tree).\\nWhile the process of harvesting cedar will inevitably cause some damage to the tree, harvesters use methods that ensure the survival of the\"}","{\"text\":\"tree as a species. It is traditional practice that before a tree is cut down, the woodcutters will say a prayer and express their gratitude to the tree\\u2019s spirit. Traditionally, men were responsible for cutting down a tree, which is a time-\"}","{\"text\":\"consuming and laborious process that involves chiselling and heating the tree with red-hot stones to weaken the wood. They would make use of various woodworking tools, which historically included stone adzes and bone drills. The harvesting\"}","{\"text\":\"of cedar bark was typically performed by women. Harvesting cedar bark requires careful skill and knowledge, or otherwise, the tree could be killed from infestation or stunted growth. A harvester would choose a straight, young tree\"}","{\"text\":\"and de-bark only portions of the tree to ensure its survival.9 As a result, thousands of these harvested trees, with distinctive scar marks, can be found in old-growth forests and some commercial clear-cut forests. These trees, referred\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"to as , are considered important heritage sites by archaeologists. Under the \"},{\"text\":\"Heritage Conservation Act\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (1996) in B.C., a forest utilization site containing a CMT created prior to 1846 is protected by law.10 Today, Aboriginal\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"peoples continue to create new CMTs as part of their cultural and economic activities and still utilize environmentally sustainable methods passed down from their ancestors.11\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Uses of cedar\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"The astounding variety of objects that can be created from a single tree is a testament to a profound cultural interrelationship between humans and plants. The importance of cedar is reflected in tools and everyday objects, but also in\"}","{\"text\":\"ceremonial objects and regalia. This section will explain some common uses and well-known objects created from cedar. However, each culture has developed its own techniques and uses for cedar, and it is important to keep in mind that we provide\"}","{\"text\":\"only a general overview, and this section does not reflect all the complexities and variations that are found among different First Nations.\\nStarting with the base of the tree, cedar roots can be dried and braided to form\"}","{\"text\":\"cordage for hats and baskets. The Coast Salish used cedar root to create a unique type of coil basketry.12 With the right technique, a cedar basket can be made watertight and heatproof. As a result, cedar baskets are used as \\u201cpots\"}","{\"text\":\"and pans\\u201d for cooking and boiling water. Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added.\\nThe withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally grow in long\"}","{\"text\":\"strands, making them a suitable choice for ropes and lashing. The Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw of northern Vancouver Island made three-ply rope for whaling from young Red Cedar. Because of their strength, cedar withes are also used as lashing to make wood\"}","{\"text\":\"and stone weapons, as well as burden baskets for carrying heavy objects. As coastal First Nations did not traditionally use metal nails and bolts, withes were used to lash together roof planks and setting baseboards, a vital part of house\"}","{\"text\":\"construction.13\\nThe most versatile part of the cedar is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw warriors wore protective armour\"}","{\"text\":\"made from bark rope during battle. Like roots and withes, bark is also made into ropes, baskets, and fishing nets. The inner bark of the Yellow Cedar was valued for its softness and absorbability, so women used them for baby diapers and\"}","{\"text\":\"bedding, sanitary napkins, and towels. Expecting mothers gave birth in a pit lined with Yellow Cedar bark to receive the infant. Furthermore, dried bark burned slowly, providing excellent tinder for matches and torches.\\nCedar wood is strong,\"}","{\"text\":\"lightweight, and straight-grained, so it is easy to split and carve, and made into totem poles, masks, and longhouses. Coastal First Nations, who depended on fish as the main staple of their diet, developed a wide array of fishing gear from cedar,\"}","{\"text\":\"including canoes, paddles, hooks, spears, and fishing floats. Once caught, fish were preserved in cedar smokehouses or dried on cedar racks. Food can be stored or served in bentwood boxes, which are made from a single cedar plank\"}","{\"text\":\"bent using steam to form four sides. Bentwood boxes, especially those decorated with paint or carvings, were once a valuable trade item along the Northwest Coast. Bentwood boxes could be used to hold all sorts of goods, and\"}","{\"text\":\"they also served as burial boxes for the deceased.14\\nLonghouses formed the central dwelling unit of each village, with large extended families living together under the same roof. Cedar poles formed the foundations of the house, followed by a\"}","{\"text\":\"framework of fluted beams overlaid with cedar roof planks. Carved house frontal poles would occasionally be positioned at the entrance, particularly amongst the Haida and Tlingit. These poles typically depict the crests and lineage of\"}","{\"text\":\"a family, as well as the hereditary rights and ancestors of the owners. Many First Nations decorated house posts, mortuary poles, and memorial poles with intricate carvings of stylized human figures and animals.\\nIn addition to\"}","{\"text\":\"everyday use, cedar is used for a variety of ceremonial purposes. Families often commissioned a carver to create cedar figures for a potlatch, usually as a welcoming gesture to the guests. Ceremonial dancers\\u2019 regalia might include head rings,\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"neck rings, wristlets braided from cedar, as well as cedar masks.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Cedar and spirituality\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nGiven the importance of cedar in everyday life, it is clear that cedar also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"coastal First Nations. These beliefs recognize that the cedar tree has its own life and spirit. Coast Salish and Tlingit shamans often had cedar \\u201cspirit assistants\\u201d or \\u201cguard figures\\u201d to protect them.15\\nCedar was also widely\"}","{\"text\":\"valued for its healing abilities. Yellow Cedar bark, which has anti-inflammatory properties, was frequently applied as a dressing for wounds, as a tourniquet, or to ward off evil. Many beliefs and taboos are also associated with the\"}","{\"text\":\"cedar tree. For example, a person who killed a tree through improper harvesting would be cursed by other cedar trees. Similarly, some believe a pregnant woman should not braid baskets, lest the umbilical cord would twist around the\"}","{\"text\":\"baby\\u2019s neck. As the cedar is a long-lived tree, some Coast Salish groups ensured a long life for their infants by placing the afterbirth in the stump of a large cedar.16\\nAs a plant that has ensured the survival of people for thousands of years,\"}","{\"text\":\"cedar has become a powerful symbol of strength and revitalization. The deep respect for cedar is a rich tradition that spans thousands of years and continues to be culturally, spiritually, and economically important.\\n\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"By Alice Huang\\nRecommended resources\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Videos\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cBill Reid\\u201d \\u2013 National Film Board of Canada. \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Story of Cedar\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to watch on YouTube\"}},{\"text\":\" - Sechelt Arts Fest 2015\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to watch on YouTube\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u201cImportance of Cedar\\u201d \\u2013 SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/videos/13/\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Images and online exhibits\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cCedar: A Journey into Time Memorial\\u201d SFU Museum of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Archaeology and Ethnology. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/panoramas/beach/cedar/\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cThunderbird Park\\u201d Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Online_Ex/default.aspx\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Books & Articles\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"McMillan, Alan D., and Eldon Yellowhorn. \"},{\"text\":\"First Peoples in Canada\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 2004.\\nNelson, John David. \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"A Vanishing Heritage: The Loss of Red Cedar from Canada\\u2019s Forests.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: Western Canada Wilderness Committee, 2004.\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Stewart, Hilary. \"},{\"text\":\"Cedar\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984.\\nStryd, Arnoud H., and Vicki Feddema.\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees.\\u201d Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: David Suzuki\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Foundation, 1998.\\nTurner, Nancy J. \"},{\"text\":\"Plant Technology of First Peoples in British Columbia.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: UBC Press,1998.\\nEndnotes\\n1 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Trees,\\u201d \"},{\"text\":\"Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation, 1998), 6.\\n2 Ethnobotany is a sub-discipline of anthropology that studies the relationship between people and plants\\n3 Nancy J. Turner, \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Plant Technology of\",\"italic\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"First Peoples in British Columbia\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998), 71.\\n4 \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Ibid\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\".\\n5 Turner, 68.\\n6 Hilary Stewart, \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Cedar \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"(Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984), 27.\\n7 Stewart, 27.\\n8 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees,\\u201d 6.\\n9 Stewart 114.\\n10 Styd and Feddema, 12.\\n11 \"},{\"text\":\"Ibid\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\".\\n12 Stewart, 174.\\n13 Stewart, 165.\\n14 Stewart, 87.\\n15 Stewart, 84.\\n16 Stewart, 180.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:Cedar,author:"Jeruviel & Indigenous Arts UBC",display:{Lore:["All about Cedar.","Biology, Harvesting, Uses, Spirituality."]}}
/give @p written_book 1 0 {pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Cedar\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/cedar/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here for link to original source\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nCedar is a well-known symbol of the Northwest Coast. For thousands of years, coastal First Nations in British Columbia have the versatile wood in many aspects of their lives.1 Not only is cedar a key natural resource in the production of material\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"goods, the tree also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs and ceremonial life of coastal First Nations. This section will explain how cedar is harvested, used, and perceived by coastal First Nations from an ethnobotany perspective.2\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Biology of cedar\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nThere are two native species of cedar trees that grow in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia: Yellow Cedar and Western Red Cedar. Yellow Cedar usually stands between 20 to 40 metres tall, and it is distinguished from\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Red Cedar by its smaller size and bushier growth. Yellow Cedar typically grows at subalpine elevations in damp coastal forests ranging from Vancouver Island to Alaska, but is rarely found in inland regions. Unlike Yellow Cedar, Red Cedar\"}","{\"text\":\"is common both on the coast and in moist slopes and valleys of the Interior. As a result, some Interior Salish groups also harvested Red Cedar, but not to the extent of the coastal peoples.3\\nRed Cedar can grow up to 70 metres tall\"}","{\"text\":\"and live up to 1,000 years old. With its lightweight and rot-resistant wood, Red Cedar is the most versatile and most widely-used plant among coastal First Nations.4 Yellow Cedar bark is softer and more pliable than Red Cedar, so the former\"}","{\"text\":\"is frequently used to make clothing and other fibrous materials, while the latter is used more commonly for architecture and transportation, such as house poles and canoes.5 If you are interested in learning more about the biology\"}","{\"text\":\"of cedar and how to identify them, please refer to the published by the B.C. Ministry of Forests.\\nCoast Salish peoples have a creation story that explains the origins of Cedar. According to the story, there once lived a good man who always gave away his\"}","{\"text\":\"belongings and food to others. The Creator recognized the man\\u2019s kindness, and declared that once the man dies, a Red Cedar tree will grow where he is buried, and the tree will continue to help the people.6 The Nuu-chah-nulth of Vancouver Island have a similar origin story\"}","{\"text\":\"for Yellow Cedar. According to their stories, Yellow Cedar trees were transformed from three young women running up a mountain. Therefore, Yellow Cedar trees are found on the slopes of subalpine mountains, and contain soft inner bark, like that of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"woman\\u2019s hair.7\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Harvesting\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nBoth types of cedar are harvested by coastal First Nations to create a variety of implements for daily use and ceremonial purposes.8 Almost every part of a cedar tree can be used, including the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"roots, the bark, the wood, and the withes (the smaller, more pliable sub-branches of a tree).\\nWhile the process of harvesting cedar will inevitably cause some damage to the tree, harvesters use methods that ensure the survival of the\"}","{\"text\":\"tree as a species. It is traditional practice that before a tree is cut down, the woodcutters will say a prayer and express their gratitude to the tree\\u2019s spirit. Traditionally, men were responsible for cutting down a tree, which is a time-\"}","{\"text\":\"consuming and laborious process that involves chiselling and heating the tree with red-hot stones to weaken the wood. They would make use of various woodworking tools, which historically included stone adzes and bone drills. The harvesting\"}","{\"text\":\"of cedar bark was typically performed by women. Harvesting cedar bark requires careful skill and knowledge, or otherwise, the tree could be killed from infestation or stunted growth. A harvester would choose a straight, young tree\"}","{\"text\":\"and de-bark only portions of the tree to ensure its survival.9 As a result, thousands of these harvested trees, with distinctive scar marks, can be found in old-growth forests and some commercial clear-cut forests. These trees, referred\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"to as , are considered important heritage sites by archaeologists. Under the \"},{\"text\":\"Heritage Conservation Act\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (1996) in B.C., a forest utilization site containing a CMT created prior to 1846 is protected by law.10 Today, Aboriginal\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"peoples continue to create new CMTs as part of their cultural and economic activities and still utilize environmentally sustainable methods passed down from their ancestors.11\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Uses of cedar\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"The astounding variety of objects that can be created from a single tree is a testament to a profound cultural interrelationship between humans and plants. The importance of cedar is reflected in tools and everyday objects, but also in\"}","{\"text\":\"ceremonial objects and regalia. This section will explain some common uses and well-known objects created from cedar. However, each culture has developed its own techniques and uses for cedar, and it is important to keep in mind that we provide\"}","{\"text\":\"only a general overview, and this section does not reflect all the complexities and variations that are found among different First Nations.\\nStarting with the base of the tree, cedar roots can be dried and braided to form\"}","{\"text\":\"cordage for hats and baskets. The Coast Salish used cedar root to create a unique type of coil basketry.12 With the right technique, a cedar basket can be made watertight and heatproof. As a result, cedar baskets are used as \\u201cpots\"}","{\"text\":\"and pans\\u201d for cooking and boiling water. Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added.\\nThe withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally grow in long\"}","{\"text\":\"strands, making them a suitable choice for ropes and lashing. The Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw of northern Vancouver Island made three-ply rope for whaling from young Red Cedar. Because of their strength, cedar withes are also used as lashing to make wood\"}","{\"text\":\"and stone weapons, as well as burden baskets for carrying heavy objects. As coastal First Nations did not traditionally use metal nails and bolts, withes were used to lash together roof planks and setting baseboards, a vital part of house\"}","{\"text\":\"construction.13\\nThe most versatile part of the cedar is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka\\u2019wakw warriors wore protective armour\"}","{\"text\":\"made from bark rope during battle. Like roots and withes, bark is also made into ropes, baskets, and fishing nets. The inner bark of the Yellow Cedar was valued for its softness and absorbability, so women used them for baby diapers and\"}","{\"text\":\"bedding, sanitary napkins, and towels. Expecting mothers gave birth in a pit lined with Yellow Cedar bark to receive the infant. Furthermore, dried bark burned slowly, providing excellent tinder for matches and torches.\\nCedar wood is strong,\"}","{\"text\":\"lightweight, and straight-grained, so it is easy to split and carve, and made into totem poles, masks, and longhouses. Coastal First Nations, who depended on fish as the main staple of their diet, developed a wide array of fishing gear from cedar,\"}","{\"text\":\"including canoes, paddles, hooks, spears, and fishing floats. Once caught, fish were preserved in cedar smokehouses or dried on cedar racks. Food can be stored or served in bentwood boxes, which are made from a single cedar plank\"}","{\"text\":\"bent using steam to form four sides. Bentwood boxes, especially those decorated with paint or carvings, were once a valuable trade item along the Northwest Coast. Bentwood boxes could be used to hold all sorts of goods, and\"}","{\"text\":\"they also served as burial boxes for the deceased.14\\nLonghouses formed the central dwelling unit of each village, with large extended families living together under the same roof. Cedar poles formed the foundations of the house, followed by a\"}","{\"text\":\"framework of fluted beams overlaid with cedar roof planks. Carved house frontal poles would occasionally be positioned at the entrance, particularly amongst the Haida and Tlingit. These poles typically depict the crests and lineage of\"}","{\"text\":\"a family, as well as the hereditary rights and ancestors of the owners. Many First Nations decorated house posts, mortuary poles, and memorial poles with intricate carvings of stylized human figures and animals.\\nIn addition to\"}","{\"text\":\"everyday use, cedar is used for a variety of ceremonial purposes. Families often commissioned a carver to create cedar figures for a potlatch, usually as a welcoming gesture to the guests. Ceremonial dancers\\u2019 regalia might include head rings,\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"neck rings, wristlets braided from cedar, as well as cedar masks.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Cedar and spirituality\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nGiven the importance of cedar in everyday life, it is clear that cedar also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"coastal First Nations. These beliefs recognize that the cedar tree has its own life and spirit. Coast Salish and Tlingit shamans often had cedar \\u201cspirit assistants\\u201d or \\u201cguard figures\\u201d to protect them.15\\nCedar was also widely\"}","{\"text\":\"valued for its healing abilities. Yellow Cedar bark, which has anti-inflammatory properties, was frequently applied as a dressing for wounds, as a tourniquet, or to ward off evil. Many beliefs and taboos are also associated with the\"}","{\"text\":\"cedar tree. For example, a person who killed a tree through improper harvesting would be cursed by other cedar trees. Similarly, some believe a pregnant woman should not braid baskets, lest the umbilical cord would twist around the\"}","{\"text\":\"baby\\u2019s neck. As the cedar is a long-lived tree, some Coast Salish groups ensured a long life for their infants by placing the afterbirth in the stump of a large cedar.16\\nAs a plant that has ensured the survival of people for thousands of years,\"}","{\"text\":\"cedar has become a powerful symbol of strength and revitalization. The deep respect for cedar is a rich tradition that spans thousands of years and continues to be culturally, spiritually, and economically important.\\n\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"By Alice Huang\\nRecommended resources\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Videos\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cBill Reid\\u201d \\u2013 National Film Board of Canada. \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Story of Cedar\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to watch on YouTube\"}},{\"text\":\" - Sechelt Arts Fest 2015\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIcT9Jx0T7g\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to watch on YouTube\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u201cImportance of Cedar\\u201d \\u2013 SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/videos/13/\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Images and online exhibits\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cCedar: A Journey into Time Memorial\\u201d SFU Museum of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Archaeology and Ethnology. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/panoramas/beach/cedar/\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\u201cThunderbird Park\\u201d Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Online_Ex/default.aspx\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Source no longer available here\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Books & Articles\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"McMillan, Alan D., and Eldon Yellowhorn. \"},{\"text\":\"First Peoples in Canada\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 2004.\\nNelson, John David. \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"A Vanishing Heritage: The Loss of Red Cedar from Canada\\u2019s Forests.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: Western Canada Wilderness Committee, 2004.\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Stewart, Hilary. \"},{\"text\":\"Cedar\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\". Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984.\\nStryd, Arnoud H., and Vicki Feddema.\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees.\\u201d Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: David Suzuki\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Foundation, 1998.\\nTurner, Nancy J. \"},{\"text\":\"Plant Technology of First Peoples in British Columbia.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Vancouver: UBC Press,1998.\\nEndnotes\\n1 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Trees,\\u201d \"},{\"text\":\"Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation, 1998), 6.\\n2 Ethnobotany is a sub-discipline of anthropology that studies the relationship between people and plants\\n3 Nancy J. Turner, \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Plant Technology of\",\"italic\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"First Peoples in British Columbia\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998), 71.\\n4 \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Ibid\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\".\\n5 Turner, 68.\\n6 Hilary Stewart, \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Cedar \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"(Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984), 27.\\n7 Stewart, 27.\\n8 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, \\u201cSacred\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees,\\u201d 6.\\n9 Stewart 114.\\n10 Styd and Feddema, 12.\\n11 \"},{\"text\":\"Ibid\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\".\\n12 Stewart, 174.\\n13 Stewart, 165.\\n14 Stewart, 87.\\n15 Stewart, 84.\\n16 Stewart, 180.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:Cedar,author:"Jeruviel & Indigenous Arts UBC",display:{Lore:["All about Cedar.","Biology, Harvesting, Uses, Spirituality."]}}
§1§lCedar§0
Cedar is a well-known symbol of the Northwest Coast. For thousands of years, coastal First Nations in British Columbia have the versatile wood in many aspects of their lives.1 Not only is cedar a key natural resource in the production of material§0

==========================

goods, the tree also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs and ceremonial life of coastal First Nations. This section will explain how cedar is harvested, used, and perceived by coastal First Nations from an ethnobotany perspective.2§0

==========================

§lBiology of cedar§r
There are two native species of cedar trees that grow in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia: Yellow Cedar and Western Red Cedar. Yellow Cedar usually stands between 20 to 40 metres tall, and it is distinguished from§0

==========================

Red Cedar by its smaller size and bushier growth. Yellow Cedar typically grows at subalpine elevations in damp coastal forests ranging from Vancouver Island to Alaska, but is rarely found in inland regions. Unlike Yellow Cedar, Red Cedar§0

==========================

is common both on the coast and in moist slopes and valleys of the Interior. As a result, some Interior Salish groups also harvested Red Cedar, but not to the extent of the coastal peoples.3
Red Cedar can grow up to 70 metres tall§0

==========================

and live up to 1,000 years old. With its lightweight and rot-resistant wood, Red Cedar is the most versatile and most widely-used plant among coastal First Nations.4 Yellow Cedar bark is softer and more pliable than Red Cedar, so the former§0

==========================

is frequently used to make clothing and other fibrous materials, while the latter is used more commonly for architecture and transportation, such as house poles and canoes.5 If you are interested in learning more about the biology§0

==========================

of cedar and how to identify them, please refer to the published by the B.C. Ministry of Forests.
Coast Salish peoples have a creation story that explains the origins of Cedar. According to the story, there once lived a good man who always gave away his§0

==========================

belongings and food to others. The Creator recognized the man’s kindness, and declared that once the man dies, a Red Cedar tree will grow where he is buried, and the tree will continue to help the people.6 The Nuu-chah-nulth of Vancouver Island have a similar origin story§0

==========================

for Yellow Cedar. According to their stories, Yellow Cedar trees were transformed from three young women running up a mountain. Therefore, Yellow Cedar trees are found on the slopes of subalpine mountains, and contain soft inner bark, like that of§0

==========================

woman’s hair.7
§lHarvesting§r
Both types of cedar are harvested by coastal First Nations to create a variety of implements for daily use and ceremonial purposes.8 Almost every part of a cedar tree can be used, including the§0

==========================

roots, the bark, the wood, and the withes (the smaller, more pliable sub-branches of a tree).
While the process of harvesting cedar will inevitably cause some damage to the tree, harvesters use methods that ensure the survival of the§0

==========================

tree as a species. It is traditional practice that before a tree is cut down, the woodcutters will say a prayer and express their gratitude to the tree’s spirit. Traditionally, men were responsible for cutting down a tree, which is a time-§0

==========================

consuming and laborious process that involves chiselling and heating the tree with red-hot stones to weaken the wood. They would make use of various woodworking tools, which historically included stone adzes and bone drills. The harvesting§0

==========================

of cedar bark was typically performed by women. Harvesting cedar bark requires careful skill and knowledge, or otherwise, the tree could be killed from infestation or stunted growth. A harvester would choose a straight, young tree§0

==========================

and de-bark only portions of the tree to ensure its survival.9 As a result, thousands of these harvested trees, with distinctive scar marks, can be found in old-growth forests and some commercial clear-cut forests. These trees, referred§0

==========================

to as , are considered important heritage sites by archaeologists. Under the §oHeritage Conservation Act§r (1996) in B.C., a forest utilization site containing a CMT created prior to 1846 is protected by law.10 Today, Aboriginal§0

==========================

peoples continue to create new CMTs as part of their cultural and economic activities and still utilize environmentally sustainable methods passed down from their ancestors.11

§lUses of cedar§r


§0

==========================

The astounding variety of objects that can be created from a single tree is a testament to a profound cultural interrelationship between humans and plants. The importance of cedar is reflected in tools and everyday objects, but also in§0

==========================

ceremonial objects and regalia. This section will explain some common uses and well-known objects created from cedar. However, each culture has developed its own techniques and uses for cedar, and it is important to keep in mind that we provide§0

==========================

only a general overview, and this section does not reflect all the complexities and variations that are found among different First Nations.
Starting with the base of the tree, cedar roots can be dried and braided to form§0

==========================

cordage for hats and baskets. The Coast Salish used cedar root to create a unique type of coil basketry.12 With the right technique, a cedar basket can be made watertight and heatproof. As a result, cedar baskets are used as “pots§0

==========================

and pans” for cooking and boiling water. Water is heated in baskets using hot rocks, and once it comes to a boil, foodstuffs can be added.
The withes of a cedar tree are strong, lightweight, and naturally grow in long§0

==========================

strands, making them a suitable choice for ropes and lashing. The Kwakwaka’wakw of northern Vancouver Island made three-ply rope for whaling from young Red Cedar. Because of their strength, cedar withes are also used as lashing to make wood§0

==========================

and stone weapons, as well as burden baskets for carrying heavy objects. As coastal First Nations did not traditionally use metal nails and bolts, withes were used to lash together roof planks and setting baseboards, a vital part of house§0

==========================

construction.13
The most versatile part of the cedar is the bark. Bark could be dyed and processed into different types of thread for mats, clothing, blankets, and hats. Kwakwaka’wakw warriors wore protective armour§0

==========================

made from bark rope during battle. Like roots and withes, bark is also made into ropes, baskets, and fishing nets. The inner bark of the Yellow Cedar was valued for its softness and absorbability, so women used them for baby diapers and§0

==========================

bedding, sanitary napkins, and towels. Expecting mothers gave birth in a pit lined with Yellow Cedar bark to receive the infant. Furthermore, dried bark burned slowly, providing excellent tinder for matches and torches.
Cedar wood is strong,§0

==========================

lightweight, and straight-grained, so it is easy to split and carve, and made into totem poles, masks, and longhouses. Coastal First Nations, who depended on fish as the main staple of their diet, developed a wide array of fishing gear from cedar,§0

==========================

including canoes, paddles, hooks, spears, and fishing floats. Once caught, fish were preserved in cedar smokehouses or dried on cedar racks. Food can be stored or served in bentwood boxes, which are made from a single cedar plank§0

==========================

bent using steam to form four sides. Bentwood boxes, especially those decorated with paint or carvings, were once a valuable trade item along the Northwest Coast. Bentwood boxes could be used to hold all sorts of goods, and§0

==========================

they also served as burial boxes for the deceased.14
Longhouses formed the central dwelling unit of each village, with large extended families living together under the same roof. Cedar poles formed the foundations of the house, followed by a§0

==========================

framework of fluted beams overlaid with cedar roof planks. Carved house frontal poles would occasionally be positioned at the entrance, particularly amongst the Haida and Tlingit. These poles typically depict the crests and lineage of§0

==========================

a family, as well as the hereditary rights and ancestors of the owners. Many First Nations decorated house posts, mortuary poles, and memorial poles with intricate carvings of stylized human figures and animals.
In addition to§0

==========================

everyday use, cedar is used for a variety of ceremonial purposes. Families often commissioned a carver to create cedar figures for a potlatch, usually as a welcoming gesture to the guests. Ceremonial dancers’ regalia might include head rings,§0

==========================

neck rings, wristlets braided from cedar, as well as cedar masks.

§lCedar and spirituality§r

Given the importance of cedar in everyday life, it is clear that cedar also plays an integral role in the spiritual beliefs of§0

==========================

coastal First Nations. These beliefs recognize that the cedar tree has its own life and spirit. Coast Salish and Tlingit shamans often had cedar “spirit assistants” or “guard figures” to protect them.15
Cedar was also widely§0

==========================

valued for its healing abilities. Yellow Cedar bark, which has anti-inflammatory properties, was frequently applied as a dressing for wounds, as a tourniquet, or to ward off evil. Many beliefs and taboos are also associated with the§0

==========================

cedar tree. For example, a person who killed a tree through improper harvesting would be cursed by other cedar trees. Similarly, some believe a pregnant woman should not braid baskets, lest the umbilical cord would twist around the§0

==========================

baby’s neck. As the cedar is a long-lived tree, some Coast Salish groups ensured a long life for their infants by placing the afterbirth in the stump of a large cedar.16
As a plant that has ensured the survival of people for thousands of years,§0

==========================

cedar has become a powerful symbol of strength and revitalization. The deep respect for cedar is a rich tradition that spans thousands of years and continues to be culturally, spiritually, and economically important.

§0

==========================

By Alice Huang
Recommended resources

§lVideos§r
“Bill Reid” – National Film Board of Canada. §1https://www.nfb.ca/film/bill_reid/§0

§oThe Story of Cedar§r - Sechelt Arts Fest 2015§0

==========================

“Importance of Cedar” – SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/videos/13/

§lImages and online exhibits§r
“Cedar: A Journey into Time Memorial” SFU Museum of§0

==========================

Archaeology and Ethnology. http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/panoramas/beach/cedar/
“Thunderbird Park” Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Online_Ex/default.aspx

§lBooks & Articles§r
§0

==========================

McMillan, Alan D., and Eldon Yellowhorn. §oFirst Peoples in Canada§r. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 2004.
Nelson, John David. §oA Vanishing Heritage: The Loss of Red Cedar from Canada’s Forests.§r Vancouver: Western Canada Wilderness Committee, 2004.
§0

==========================

Stewart, Hilary. §oCedar§r. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984.
Stryd, Arnoud H., and Vicki Feddema.§o “Sacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees.” Report of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project.§r Vancouver: David Suzuki§0

==========================

Foundation, 1998.
Turner, Nancy J. §oPlant Technology of First Peoples in British Columbia.§r Vancouver: UBC Press,1998.
Endnotes
1 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, “Sacred Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified§0

==========================

Trees,” §oReport of the Pacific Salmon Forests Project§r (Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation, 1998), 6.
2 Ethnobotany is a sub-discipline of anthropology that studies the relationship between people and plants
3 Nancy J. Turner, §oPlant Technology of§0

==========================

§oFirst Peoples in British Columbia§r (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1998), 71.
4 §oIbid§r.
5 Turner, 68.
6 Hilary Stewart, §oCedar §r(Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre: 1984), 27.
7 Stewart, 27.
8 Arnoud H. Stryd, and Vicki Feddema, “Sacred§0

==========================

Cedar: The Cultural and Archaeological Significance of Cultural Modified Trees,” 6.
9 Stewart 114.
10 Styd and Feddema, 12.
11 §oIbid§r.
12 Stewart, 174.
13 Stewart, 165.
14 Stewart, 87.
15 Stewart, 84.
16 Stewart, 180.§0
8
Salmon
9
Sun
10
Corn
11
09/24/2020Puyallup Tribal History, Mission, & VisionJeruviel & Puyallup Tribe
http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/
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Many were intimately related by marriage and we were connected by common"}','{"text":"religion observances, myths and traditions.\\nOur people lived in villages from the foothills of Mount Tacoma, along the rivers and creeks to the shores of Puget Sound. Our villages were scattered throughout the many islands, prairies and rich valley country of"}','["",{"text":"the Pacific Northwest. Historians often noted because of the abundance of salmon and shellfish that \\"When the tides were out, the table was spread.\\"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Tribal Council (as of September, 2020)","bold":true},{"text":"\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Bill Sterud","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Bill.html"}},{"text":"\\n"},{"text":"Chairman","italic":true},{"text":"\\n ","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Sylvia Miller","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Sylvia.html"}},{"text":"\\n"},{"text":"Vice Chairwoman","italic":true},{"text":"\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"David Z. Bean","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/David.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Anna Bean","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Anna.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Annette Bryan","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Annette.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Monica Miller","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Monica.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"James Rideout","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/James.html"}}]','["",{"text":"The Puyallup Tribal Council is the Tribe\\u2019s elected governing body. The first council of five people was elected in 1936. In 1991, the council increased from five to seven members.\\n\\n"},{"text":"Tribal Council Vision\\nAdopted December 2018","bold":true}]','{"text":"The Puyallup Tribe is accountable and effective in communication and generous in meeting the needs of our members and involves membership in the planning process. Our community is unified in protecting sovereignty and preserving our history, culture,"}','{"text":"natural resources and environment. Our tribal membership is educated, healthy, safe, stable and self-sufficient. Our members love and respect one another and we honor our ancestors and elders with gratitude for their sacrifices. Our tribal economy is"}','["",{"text":"vibrant and our tribal businesses are thriving, providing adequate resources to support tribal membership needs for generations to come.\\n\\n"},{"text":"Tribal Council Mission\\nAdopted December 2018","bold":true},{"text":"\\nTo oversee the","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"Puyallup tribal government operations, economic priorities and overall community wellness while ensuring financial resources are available now and for future generations. To build upon what our ancestors and elders fought for by"}','{"text":"continuing to protect and preserve our tribal sovereignty, natural resources, environment, heritage, culture and our families by providing equitable programs and services that help our membership succeed and grow."}'],title:"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission, & Vision",author:"Jeruviel & the Puyallup Tribe",display:{Lore:["Brief history, vision, and mission statements of the Puyallup Tribe offers important details from the First People of Tacoma from who's Mountain Mother the City gets her name."]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:['["",{"text":"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission and Vision","bold":true},{"text":"\\n\\n\\n\\nAdapted by Jeruviel from ","color":"reset"},{"text":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/"},"hoverEvent":{"action":"show_text","contents":"Click to follow URL to source on web"}}]','["",{"text":"Puyallup Tribal History","bold":true},{"text":"\\nIn the old days, in our aboriginal language, we were known as the spuyal\\u0259pab\\u0161, meaning \\"generous and welcoming behavior to all people (friends and strangers) who enter our lands.\\"\\nToday we are known as the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Our people","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"lived here for thousands of years existing by the bountiful gifts provided by the Creator. Our Mother, Mount Tacoma, provided the water that supplied our salmon. 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Historians often noted because of the abundance of salmon and shellfish that \\"When the tides were out, the table was spread.\\"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Tribal Council (as of September, 2020)","bold":true},{"text":"\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Bill Sterud","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Bill.html"}},{"text":"\\n"},{"text":"Chairman","italic":true},{"text":"\\n ","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Sylvia Miller","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Sylvia.html"}},{"text":"\\n"},{"text":"Vice Chairwoman","italic":true},{"text":"\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"David Z. Bean","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/David.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Anna Bean","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Anna.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Annette Bryan","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Annette.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"Monica Miller","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Monica.html"}},{"text":"\\n\\n"},{"text":"James Rideout","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/James.html"}}]','["",{"text":"The Puyallup Tribal Council is the Tribe\\u2019s elected governing body. The first council of five people was elected in 1936. In 1991, the council increased from five to seven members.\\n\\n"},{"text":"Tribal Council Vision\\nAdopted December 2018","bold":true}]','{"text":"The Puyallup Tribe is accountable and effective in communication and generous in meeting the needs of our members and involves membership in the planning process. Our community is unified in protecting sovereignty and preserving our history, culture,"}','{"text":"natural resources and environment. Our tribal membership is educated, healthy, safe, stable and self-sufficient. Our members love and respect one another and we honor our ancestors and elders with gratitude for their sacrifices. Our tribal economy is"}','["",{"text":"vibrant and our tribal businesses are thriving, providing adequate resources to support tribal membership needs for generations to come.\\n\\n"},{"text":"Tribal Council Mission\\nAdopted December 2018","bold":true},{"text":"\\nTo oversee the","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"Puyallup tribal government operations, economic priorities and overall community wellness while ensuring financial resources are available now and for future generations. To build upon what our ancestors and elders fought for by"}','{"text":"continuing to protect and preserve our tribal sovereignty, natural resources, environment, heritage, culture and our families by providing equitable programs and services that help our membership succeed and grow."}'],title:"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission, & Vision",author:"Jeruviel & the Puyallup Tribe",display:{Lore:["Brief history, vision, and mission statements of the Puyallup Tribe offers important details from the First People of Tacoma from who's Mountain Mother the City gets her name."]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission and Vision\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\\n\\nAdapted by Jeruviel from \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to follow URL to source on web\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Puyallup Tribal History\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn the old days, in our aboriginal language, we were known as the spuyal\\u0259pab\\u0161, meaning \\\"generous and welcoming behavior to all people (friends and strangers) who enter our lands.\\\"\\nToday we are known as the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Our people\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"lived here for thousands of years existing by the bountiful gifts provided by the Creator. Our Mother, Mount Tacoma, provided the water that supplied our salmon. We were fed by the abundance of natures gifts: Salmon, shellfish, wild game,\"}","{\"text\":\"roots and berries. The cedar trees provided our homes, utensils, clothing and transportation. All of these gifts are part of our rich cultural heritage we have today. Our environment was rich in the wealth of natural resources, providing all our needs, allowing us to\"}","{\"text\":\"live healthy, happy lives. There were no worries of where the next meal would come from, no rents to pay. There was the freedom to practice our religion, train our children, take care of our elders.\\nWe are part of the Salish speaking people of the Pacific\"}","{\"text\":\"Northwest. Our particular dialect is called the \\\"Lushootseed.\\\" Our relatives in the neighboring tribes all spoke the same stock language, but many had different dialects. Many were intimately related by marriage and we were connected by common\"}","{\"text\":\"religion observances, myths and traditions.\\nOur people lived in villages from the foothills of Mount Tacoma, along the rivers and creeks to the shores of Puget Sound. Our villages were scattered throughout the many islands, prairies and rich valley country of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the Pacific Northwest. Historians often noted because of the abundance of salmon and shellfish that \\\"When the tides were out, the table was spread.\\\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council (as of September, 2020)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Bill Sterud\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Bill.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Chairman\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Sylvia Miller\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Sylvia.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Vice Chairwoman\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"David Z. Bean\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/David.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Anna Bean\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Anna.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Annette Bryan\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Annette.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Monica Miller\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Monica.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"James Rideout\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/James.html\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"The Puyallup Tribal Council is the Tribe\\u2019s elected governing body. The first council of five people was elected in 1936. In 1991, the council increased from five to seven members.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council Vision\\nAdopted December 2018\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"The Puyallup Tribe is accountable and effective in communication and generous in meeting the needs of our members and involves membership in the planning process. Our community is unified in protecting sovereignty and preserving our history, culture,\"}","{\"text\":\"natural resources and environment. Our tribal membership is educated, healthy, safe, stable and self-sufficient. Our members love and respect one another and we honor our ancestors and elders with gratitude for their sacrifices. Our tribal economy is\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"vibrant and our tribal businesses are thriving, providing adequate resources to support tribal membership needs for generations to come.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council Mission\\nAdopted December 2018\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nTo oversee the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Puyallup tribal government operations, economic priorities and overall community wellness while ensuring financial resources are available now and for future generations. To build upon what our ancestors and elders fought for by\"}","{\"text\":\"continuing to protect and preserve our tribal sovereignty, natural resources, environment, heritage, culture and our families by providing equitable programs and services that help our membership succeed and grow.\"}"],title:"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission, & Vision",author:"Jeruviel & the Puyallup Tribe",display:{Lore:["Brief history, vision, and mission statements of the Puyallup Tribe offers important details from the First People of Tacoma from who's Mountain Mother the City gets her name."]}}
/give @p written_book 1 0 {pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission and Vision\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\\n\\nAdapted by Jeruviel from \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to follow URL to source on web\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Puyallup Tribal History\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn the old days, in our aboriginal language, we were known as the spuyal\\u0259pab\\u0161, meaning \\\"generous and welcoming behavior to all people (friends and strangers) who enter our lands.\\\"\\nToday we are known as the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Our people\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"lived here for thousands of years existing by the bountiful gifts provided by the Creator. Our Mother, Mount Tacoma, provided the water that supplied our salmon. We were fed by the abundance of natures gifts: Salmon, shellfish, wild game,\"}","{\"text\":\"roots and berries. The cedar trees provided our homes, utensils, clothing and transportation. All of these gifts are part of our rich cultural heritage we have today. Our environment was rich in the wealth of natural resources, providing all our needs, allowing us to\"}","{\"text\":\"live healthy, happy lives. There were no worries of where the next meal would come from, no rents to pay. There was the freedom to practice our religion, train our children, take care of our elders.\\nWe are part of the Salish speaking people of the Pacific\"}","{\"text\":\"Northwest. Our particular dialect is called the \\\"Lushootseed.\\\" Our relatives in the neighboring tribes all spoke the same stock language, but many had different dialects. Many were intimately related by marriage and we were connected by common\"}","{\"text\":\"religion observances, myths and traditions.\\nOur people lived in villages from the foothills of Mount Tacoma, along the rivers and creeks to the shores of Puget Sound. Our villages were scattered throughout the many islands, prairies and rich valley country of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the Pacific Northwest. Historians often noted because of the abundance of salmon and shellfish that \\\"When the tides were out, the table was spread.\\\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council (as of September, 2020)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Bill Sterud\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Bill.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Chairman\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Sylvia Miller\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Sylvia.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Vice Chairwoman\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"David Z. Bean\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/David.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Anna Bean\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Anna.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Annette Bryan\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Annette.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Monica Miller\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Monica.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"James Rideout\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/James.html\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"The Puyallup Tribal Council is the Tribe\\u2019s elected governing body. The first council of five people was elected in 1936. In 1991, the council increased from five to seven members.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council Vision\\nAdopted December 2018\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"The Puyallup Tribe is accountable and effective in communication and generous in meeting the needs of our members and involves membership in the planning process. Our community is unified in protecting sovereignty and preserving our history, culture,\"}","{\"text\":\"natural resources and environment. Our tribal membership is educated, healthy, safe, stable and self-sufficient. Our members love and respect one another and we honor our ancestors and elders with gratitude for their sacrifices. Our tribal economy is\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"vibrant and our tribal businesses are thriving, providing adequate resources to support tribal membership needs for generations to come.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council Mission\\nAdopted December 2018\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nTo oversee the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Puyallup tribal government operations, economic priorities and overall community wellness while ensuring financial resources are available now and for future generations. To build upon what our ancestors and elders fought for by\"}","{\"text\":\"continuing to protect and preserve our tribal sovereignty, natural resources, environment, heritage, culture and our families by providing equitable programs and services that help our membership succeed and grow.\"}"],title:"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission, & Vision",author:"Jeruviel & the Puyallup Tribe",display:{Lore:["Brief history, vision, and mission statements of the Puyallup Tribe offers important details from the First People of Tacoma from who's Mountain Mother the City gets her name."]}}
/give @p written_book 1 0 {pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission and Vision\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\\n\\nAdapted by Jeruviel from \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to follow URL to source on web\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Puyallup Tribal History\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn the old days, in our aboriginal language, we were known as the spuyal\\u0259pab\\u0161, meaning \\\"generous and welcoming behavior to all people (friends and strangers) who enter our lands.\\\"\\nToday we are known as the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Our people\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"lived here for thousands of years existing by the bountiful gifts provided by the Creator. Our Mother, Mount Tacoma, provided the water that supplied our salmon. We were fed by the abundance of natures gifts: Salmon, shellfish, wild game,\"}","{\"text\":\"roots and berries. The cedar trees provided our homes, utensils, clothing and transportation. All of these gifts are part of our rich cultural heritage we have today. Our environment was rich in the wealth of natural resources, providing all our needs, allowing us to\"}","{\"text\":\"live healthy, happy lives. There were no worries of where the next meal would come from, no rents to pay. There was the freedom to practice our religion, train our children, take care of our elders.\\nWe are part of the Salish speaking people of the Pacific\"}","{\"text\":\"Northwest. Our particular dialect is called the \\\"Lushootseed.\\\" Our relatives in the neighboring tribes all spoke the same stock language, but many had different dialects. Many were intimately related by marriage and we were connected by common\"}","{\"text\":\"religion observances, myths and traditions.\\nOur people lived in villages from the foothills of Mount Tacoma, along the rivers and creeks to the shores of Puget Sound. Our villages were scattered throughout the many islands, prairies and rich valley country of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the Pacific Northwest. Historians often noted because of the abundance of salmon and shellfish that \\\"When the tides were out, the table was spread.\\\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council (as of September, 2020)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Bill Sterud\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Bill.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Chairman\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Sylvia Miller\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Sylvia.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Vice Chairwoman\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"David Z. Bean\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/David.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Anna Bean\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Anna.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Annette Bryan\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Annette.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Monica Miller\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/Monica.html\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"James Rideout\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/bio/James.html\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"The Puyallup Tribal Council is the Tribe\\u2019s elected governing body. The first council of five people was elected in 1936. In 1991, the council increased from five to seven members.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council Vision\\nAdopted December 2018\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"The Puyallup Tribe is accountable and effective in communication and generous in meeting the needs of our members and involves membership in the planning process. Our community is unified in protecting sovereignty and preserving our history, culture,\"}","{\"text\":\"natural resources and environment. Our tribal membership is educated, healthy, safe, stable and self-sufficient. Our members love and respect one another and we honor our ancestors and elders with gratitude for their sacrifices. Our tribal economy is\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"vibrant and our tribal businesses are thriving, providing adequate resources to support tribal membership needs for generations to come.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Tribal Council Mission\\nAdopted December 2018\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nTo oversee the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Puyallup tribal government operations, economic priorities and overall community wellness while ensuring financial resources are available now and for future generations. To build upon what our ancestors and elders fought for by\"}","{\"text\":\"continuing to protect and preserve our tribal sovereignty, natural resources, environment, heritage, culture and our families by providing equitable programs and services that help our membership succeed and grow.\"}"],title:"Puyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission, & Vision",author:"Jeruviel & the Puyallup Tribe",display:{Lore:["Brief history, vision, and mission statements of the Puyallup Tribe offers important details from the First People of Tacoma from who's Mountain Mother the City gets her name."]}}
§lPuyallup Tribal History, Council, Mission and Vision§r



Adapted by Jeruviel from §1http://www.puyallup-tribe.com/ourtribe/§0

==========================

§lPuyallup Tribal History§r
In the old days, in our aboriginal language, we were known as the spuyaləpabš, meaning "generous and welcoming behavior to all people (friends and strangers) who enter our lands."
Today we are known as the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Our people§0

==========================

lived here for thousands of years existing by the bountiful gifts provided by the Creator. Our Mother, Mount Tacoma, provided the water that supplied our salmon. We were fed by the abundance of natures gifts: Salmon, shellfish, wild game,§0

==========================

roots and berries. The cedar trees provided our homes, utensils, clothing and transportation. All of these gifts are part of our rich cultural heritage we have today. Our environment was rich in the wealth of natural resources, providing all our needs, allowing us to§0

==========================

live healthy, happy lives. There were no worries of where the next meal would come from, no rents to pay. There was the freedom to practice our religion, train our children, take care of our elders.
We are part of the Salish speaking people of the Pacific§0

==========================

Northwest. Our particular dialect is called the "Lushootseed." Our relatives in the neighboring tribes all spoke the same stock language, but many had different dialects. Many were intimately related by marriage and we were connected by common§0

==========================

religion observances, myths and traditions.
Our people lived in villages from the foothills of Mount Tacoma, along the rivers and creeks to the shores of Puget Sound. Our villages were scattered throughout the many islands, prairies and rich valley country of§0

==========================

the Pacific Northwest. Historians often noted because of the abundance of salmon and shellfish that "When the tides were out, the table was spread."

§lTribal Council (as of September, 2020)§r
Bill Sterud
§oChairman§r
§0

==========================

Sylvia Miller
§oVice Chairwoman§r

David Z. Bean

Anna Bean

Annette Bryan

Monica Miller

James Rideout§0

==========================

The Puyallup Tribal Council is the Tribe’s elected governing body. The first council of five people was elected in 1936. In 1991, the council increased from five to seven members.

§lTribal Council Vision
Adopted December 2018§0

==========================

The Puyallup Tribe is accountable and effective in communication and generous in meeting the needs of our members and involves membership in the planning process. Our community is unified in protecting sovereignty and preserving our history, culture,§0

==========================

natural resources and environment. Our tribal membership is educated, healthy, safe, stable and self-sufficient. Our members love and respect one another and we honor our ancestors and elders with gratitude for their sacrifices. Our tribal economy is§0

==========================

vibrant and our tribal businesses are thriving, providing adequate resources to support tribal membership needs for generations to come.

§lTribal Council Mission
Adopted December 2018§r
To oversee the§0

==========================

Puyallup tribal government operations, economic priorities and overall community wellness while ensuring financial resources are available now and for future generations. To build upon what our ancestors and elders fought for by§0

==========================

continuing to protect and preserve our tribal sovereignty, natural resources, environment, heritage, culture and our families by providing equitable programs and services that help our membership succeed and grow.§0
12
DRAGONSLAYERS VS ENDERKYNJeruviel & agilexps.com
/give @p written_book{pages:['["",{"text":"Aloha & Welcome to "},{"text":"Dragonslayers","bold":true,"color":"gold"},{"text":" vs ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Enderkyn","bold":true,"color":"dark_purple"},{"text":"\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Dragonslayers","bold":true},{"text":": must slay the Enderdragon within the time limit agreed upon by your group/server to win.\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Enderkyn","bold":true},{"text":": must stop the Dragonslayers from killing the Enderdragon.\\n\\n ","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Dragonslayers","color":"gold"},{"text":" are the heroic protectors of human civilization. They are sworn to protect all human towns and settlements from the \\"undead scourge\\" and all \\"monstrous\\" & otherworldly forces that threaten to drag them and their people, \\"back to the stone age\\". Mob kills give XP","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Enderkyn","color":"dark_purple"},{"text":" celebrate and honor their ancestral and future relations with all dragonfolk and the spirit realms. All Enderkyn are charged with protecting the life of the Enderdragon at all costs. Enderkyn love to create things and gain XP through crafting, not killing.","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Dragonslayer","bold":true,"color":"gold"},{"text":" default skills and stats:\\n-gain 2 Health & 1 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Iron Shell & Iron Weaponmaster, granting bonuses with Iron equipment\\n-teams may research new skills","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Enderkyn","bold":true,"color":"dark_purple"},{"text":" default skills & stats:\\n-gain 1 Health & 2 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Blink (similar to Ender Pearl) & Dragon Fire (changes blocks under target to Lava),\\n-teams may research new skills","color":"reset"}]','{"text":"Commands list for players:\\nChose your class/team:\\n/class profess [class]\\nSpend skillpoints:\\n/class skill\\nBind skill to currently held item, allowing you to cast skill w/ right click while holding item:\\n/class bind [skill name]\\nReset & lose all XP:\\n/class reset confirm"}','["",{"text":"This game brought to you by "},{"text":"Jeruviel","color":"dark_purple","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://jeruviel.org/"}},{"text":", ","color":"reset"},{"text":"agilexps.com","color":"blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/"}},{"text":", and ","color":"reset"},{"text":"TappedHouseTV","color":"dark_red","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.twitch.tv/TappedHouseTV"}},{"text":"\\n\\nPlease direct any suggestions for additions or changes to upcoming versions to ","color":"reset"},{"text":"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn"}},{"text":"\\n ","color":"reset"}]'],title:"Dragonslayers vs Enderkyn",author:"Jeruviel & agilexps.com",generation:3,display:{Lore:["Book introduces players to the best Minecraft survival roleplay of all time."]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:['["",{"text":"Aloha & Welcome to "},{"text":"Dragonslayers","bold":true,"color":"gold"},{"text":" vs ","color":"reset"},{"text":"Enderkyn","bold":true,"color":"dark_purple"},{"text":"\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Dragonslayers","bold":true},{"text":": must slay the Enderdragon\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Enderkyn","bold":true},{"text":": must protect the Enderdragon.\\n\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Time limit:","bold":true},{"text":" set by players/server","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Dragonslayers","color":"gold"},{"text":" are the heroic protectors of human civilization. They are sworn to protect all human towns and settlements from the \\"undead scourge\\" and all \\"monstrous\\" & otherworldly forces that threaten to drag them and their people, \\"back to the stone age\\". Mob kills give XP","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Enderkyn","color":"dark_purple"},{"text":" celebrate and honor their ancestral and future relations with all dragonfolk and the spirit realms. All Enderkyn are charged with protecting the life of the Enderdragon at all costs. Enderkyn love to create things and gain XP through crafting, not killing.","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Dragonslayer","bold":true,"color":"gold"},{"text":" defaults:\\n+2 Health & +1 Mana & +1 Skill-Point each level\\n*default max level=20\\n*default skills include: Iron Shell & Iron Weaponmaster, granting bonuses with Iron equipment\\n-teams may research new skills (","color":"reset"},{"text":"SkillAPI","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://github.com/Eniripsa96/SkillAPI/wiki"}},{"text":")","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Enderkyn","bold":true,"color":"dark_purple"},{"text":" defaults:\\n+2 Health & +1 Mana & +1 Skill-Point each level\\n*default max level=20\\n*default skills include:\\nBlink (similar to Ender Pearl) & Dragon Fire (changes blocks under target to Lava),\\n-teams may research new skills (","color":"reset"},{"text":"SkillAPI","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://github.com/Eniripsa96/SkillAPI/wiki"}},{"text":")","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"Commands list:\\n"},{"text":"Choose class/team:","bold":true},{"text":"\\n/class profess [class]\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Pick/view skills:","bold":true},{"text":"\\n/class skill\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Bind skill to currently held item:","bold":true},{"text":"\\n/class bind [skill name]\\n","color":"reset"},{"text":"Reset & lose all XP:","bold":true},{"text":"\\n/class reset confirm","color":"reset"}]','["",{"text":"This game brought to you by "},{"text":"Jeruviel","color":"dark_purple","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"http://jeruviel.org/"}},{"text":", ","color":"reset"},{"text":"agilexps.com","color":"blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://agilexps.com/"}},{"text":", and ","color":"reset"},{"text":"TappedHouseTV","color":"dark_red","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://www.twitch.tv/TappedHouseTV"}},{"text":"\\n\\nPlease direct any suggestions for additions or changes to upcoming versions to ","color":"reset"},{"text":"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn","color":"dark_blue","clickEvent":{"action":"open_url","value":"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn"}},{"text":"\\n ","color":"reset"}]'],title:"Dragonslayers vs Enderkyn",author:"Jeruviel & agilexps.com",generation:3,display:{Lore:["Book introduces players to the best Minecraft survival roleplay of all time."]}}
/give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Aloha & Welcome to \"},{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" vs \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": must slay the Enderdragon within the time limit agreed upon by your group/server to win.\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": must stop the Dragonslayers from killing the Enderdragon.\\n\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" are the heroic protectors of human civilization. They are sworn to protect all human towns and settlements from the \\\"undead scourge\\\" and all \\\"monstrous\\\" & otherworldly forces that threaten to drag them and their people, \\\"back to the stone age\\\". Mob kills give XP\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" celebrate and honor their ancestral and future relations with all dragonfolk and the spirit realms. All Enderkyn are charged with protecting the life of the Enderdragon at all costs. Enderkyn love to create things and gain XP through crafting, not killing.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Dragonslayer\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" default skills and stats:\\n-gain 2 Health & 1 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Iron Shell & Iron Weaponmaster, granting bonuses with Iron equipment\\n-teams may research new skills\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" default skills & stats:\\n-gain 1 Health & 2 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Blink (similar to Ender Pearl) & Dragon Fire (changes blocks under target to Lava),\\n-teams may research new skills\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Commands list for players:\\nChose your class/team:\\n/class profess [class]\\nSpend skillpoints:\\n/class skill\\nBind skill to currently held item, allowing you to cast skill w/ right click while holding item:\\n/class bind [skill name]\\nReset & lose all XP:\\n/class reset confirm\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"This game brought to you by \"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://jeruviel.org/\"}},{\"text\":\", \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"agilexps.com\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://agilexps.com/\"}},{\"text\":\", and \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"TappedHouseTV\",\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.twitch.tv/TappedHouseTV\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nPlease direct any suggestions for additions or changes to upcoming versions to \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"Dragonslayers vs Enderkyn",author:"Jeruviel & agilexps.com",generation:3,display:{Lore:["Book introduces players to the best Minecraft survival roleplay of all time."]}}
/give @p written_book 1 0 {pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Aloha & Welcome to \"},{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" vs \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": must slay the Enderdragon within the time limit agreed upon by your group/server to win.\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": must stop the Dragonslayers from killing the Enderdragon.\\n\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" are the heroic protectors of human civilization. They are sworn to protect all human towns and settlements from the \\\"undead scourge\\\" and all \\\"monstrous\\\" & otherworldly forces that threaten to drag them and their people, \\\"back to the stone age\\\". Mob kills give XP\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" celebrate and honor their ancestral and future relations with all dragonfolk and the spirit realms. All Enderkyn are charged with protecting the life of the Enderdragon at all costs. Enderkyn love to create things and gain XP through crafting, not killing.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Dragonslayer\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" default skills and stats:\\n-gain 2 Health & 1 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Iron Shell & Iron Weaponmaster, granting bonuses with Iron equipment\\n-teams may research new skills\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" default skills & stats:\\n-gain 1 Health & 2 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Blink (similar to Ender Pearl) & Dragon Fire (changes blocks under target to Lava),\\n-teams may research new skills\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Commands list for players:\\nChose your class/team:\\n/class profess [class]\\nSpend skillpoints:\\n/class skill\\nBind skill to currently held item, allowing you to cast skill w/ right click while holding item:\\n/class bind [skill name]\\nReset & lose all XP:\\n/class reset confirm\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"This game brought to you by \"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://jeruviel.org/\"}},{\"text\":\", \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"agilexps.com\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://agilexps.com/\"}},{\"text\":\", and \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"TappedHouseTV\",\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.twitch.tv/TappedHouseTV\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nPlease direct any suggestions for additions or changes to upcoming versions to \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"Dragonslayers vs Enderkyn",author:"Jeruviel & agilexps.com",generation:3,display:{Lore:["Book introduces players to the best Minecraft survival roleplay of all time."]}}
/give @p written_book 1 0 {pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Aloha & Welcome to \"},{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" vs \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": must slay the Enderdragon within the time limit agreed upon by your group/server to win.\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": must stop the Dragonslayers from killing the Enderdragon.\\n\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Dragonslayers\",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" are the heroic protectors of human civilization. They are sworn to protect all human towns and settlements from the \\\"undead scourge\\\" and all \\\"monstrous\\\" & otherworldly forces that threaten to drag them and their people, \\\"back to the stone age\\\". Mob kills give XP\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" celebrate and honor their ancestral and future relations with all dragonfolk and the spirit realms. All Enderkyn are charged with protecting the life of the Enderdragon at all costs. Enderkyn love to create things and gain XP through crafting, not killing.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Dragonslayer\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" default skills and stats:\\n-gain 2 Health & 1 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Iron Shell & Iron Weaponmaster, granting bonuses with Iron equipment\\n-teams may research new skills\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enderkyn\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" default skills & stats:\\n-gain 1 Health & 2 Mana & 1 Skill-Point each time they level up\\n-default max level=20\\n-default skills available include: Blink (similar to Ender Pearl) & Dragon Fire (changes blocks under target to Lava),\\n-teams may research new skills\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Commands list for players:\\nChose your class/team:\\n/class profess [class]\\nSpend skillpoints:\\n/class skill\\nBind skill to currently held item, allowing you to cast skill w/ right click while holding item:\\n/class bind [skill name]\\nReset & lose all XP:\\n/class reset confirm\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"This game brought to you by \"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://jeruviel.org/\"}},{\"text\":\", \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"agilexps.com\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://agilexps.com/\"}},{\"text\":\", and \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"TappedHouseTV\",\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.twitch.tv/TappedHouseTV\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nPlease direct any suggestions for additions or changes to upcoming versions to \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://padlet.com/exinao/enderkyn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"Dragonslayers vs Enderkyn",author:"Jeruviel & agilexps.com",generation:3,display:{Lore:["Book introduces players to the best Minecraft survival roleplay of all time."]}}
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JeruvielMultiverse Navigator
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Welcome to the \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"AGILE Multiversity Minecraft Server\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/server/agile-multiversity\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit and vote for us on Planet Minecraft!\"}},{\"text\":\"! \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"This book allows you to easily travel between various locations of the multiverse. It is divided into sections based on worlds and then regions of each world. Click the name of location in this book to go there!\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Spawn of Worlds \\n(default world)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n-North MV Campus\\n-- \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Spawn\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:spawn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Dragon Rootbeer\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:root\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Dragon Video Guild\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:dvid\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Campus Library\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:lib\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Childhood Learning \",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:childlearn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Cosmic Observatory\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:observe\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Game Design Guild\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:design\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Healing Center\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:heal\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Night\\u2019s Magic Shop\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hkt\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Miner\\u2019s Guild Local\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:mine\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"-- \"},{\"text\":\"Train Station\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:train\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- Industrial Knights \\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Language Learning\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:lang\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Theatre House\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:theatre\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Kitten Cove\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:kittycove\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n-Original Spawn Region \\n--\"},{\"text\":\"Tree House Island\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:treehouseisle\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nOTHER AGILE worlds:\\n\"},{\"text\":\"anarchy \",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:anarchy\"}},{\"text\":\"(property claims disabled)\\n--click here to go\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:anarchy\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n1:30 scale map of the Hawaiian Islands, access other islands via Hawa\\u02bbi portal room below or go direct to other links \\n--\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawa\\u02bbi\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hkport\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n--\"},{\"text\":\"M\\u0101noa, O\\u02bbahu\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:manoa\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n--\"},{\"text\":\"HK Multiverse Archive\\n   (Stardust Library)\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hkark\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"AGILE Legacy\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n--\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Mountain Town\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:mtntown\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"IslandsLIVE\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to view on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/islands-live-v2-0-w-update-aquatic/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n--\"},{\"text\":\"To Isle of Man Spawn\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:IsleOfMan\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Phantom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:phantom\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nFrom seed:\\n-763922862008843532\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Maps this page onward from \"},{\"text\":\"Planet Minecraft\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Middle Earth\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:me\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/leefnut-builds-middle-earth/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Harry Potter\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hp\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/harry-potter-adventure-map-3347878/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Naruto (Kohona)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:naruto\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/-download-naruto-world---konoha-village-hidden-in-the-leafs-/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Underwater City\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:aquacity\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/underwater-city-lumina-nocturnale-/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Modern City\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:moderncity\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/modern-city-download/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Eldaria\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:eldaria\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/eldaria-island---custom-terrain-mc-10---end-portal/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Assassin's Creep\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:asncrp\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/assassins-creep-a-open-world-parkour-map/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"\\u25c4=The Babylon Project=\\u25ba\\nNew York City 1936\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:babycity\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/new-york-city-1940s/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n \"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Paradise Palms\\n(Fortnite Map)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:fn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/fortnite-battle-royale-paradise-palms/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"The Walls 2\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:walls2\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/the-walls-2---pvp-survival/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"San Andreas (GTA)\\nSurvival Games\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:gta\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/the-survival-games---san-andreas-wip/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"PvP Arena\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:pvparena\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/pvp-arena-kit-pvp-map-17-18/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Survival Games 2.0\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:sg2.0\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/the-survival-games-2-848118/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Chinese New Year - Year of the Earth Dog\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:earthdog\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/chinese-new-year-yea-of-the-dog/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Want your world added to the Multiverse? Contact us at \"},{\"text\":\"agilexps.com\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.agilexps.com/\"}},{\"text\":\"!\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"Multiverse Navigator",author:"Jeruviel Stardust",display:{Lore:["Use this book to travel between ","the different worlds and ","locations of AGILE Multiversity"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Welcome to the \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"AGILE Multiversity Minecraft Server\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/server/agile-multiversity\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit and vote for us on Planet Minecraft!\"}},{\"text\":\"! \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"This book allows you to easily travel between various locations of the multiverse. It is divided into sections based on worlds and then regions of each world.\\n   Click the name of location in this book to go there!\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Spawn of Worlds \\n(default world)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n-North MV Campus\\n-- \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Spawn\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:spawn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Dragon Rootbeer\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:root\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Dragon Video Guild\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:dvid\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Campus Library\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:lib\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Childhood Learning \",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:childlearn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Cosmic Observatory\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:observe\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Game Design Guild\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:design\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Healing Center\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:heal\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Night\\u2019s Magic Shop\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hkt\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Miner\\u2019s Guild Local\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:mine\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"-- \"},{\"text\":\"Train Station\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:train\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- Industrial Knights \\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Language Learning\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:lang\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Theatre House\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:theatre\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n-- \"},{\"text\":\"Kitten Cove\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:kittycove\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n-Original Spawn Region \\n--\"},{\"text\":\"Tree House Island\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:treehouseisle\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nOTHER AGILE worlds:\\n\"},{\"text\":\"anarchy \",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:anarchy\"}},{\"text\":\"(property claims disabled)\\n--click here to go\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:anarchy\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n1:5 scale map of the Hawaiian Islands, access other islands via Hawa\\u02bbi portal room below or go direct to other links \\n--\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawa\\u02bbi\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hkport\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n--\"},{\"text\":\"M\\u0101noa, O\\u02bbahu\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:manoa\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n--\"},{\"text\":\"HK Multiverse Archive\\n   (Stardust Library)\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hkark\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"AGILE Legacy\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n--\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Mountain Town\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:mtntown\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"IslandsLIVE\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to view on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/islands-live-v2-0-w-update-aquatic/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n--\"},{\"text\":\"To Isle of Man Spawn\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:IsleOfMan\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Phantom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:phantom\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nFrom seed:\\n-763922862008843532\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Maps this page onward from \"},{\"text\":\"Planet Minecraft\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Middle Earth\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:me\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/leefnut-builds-middle-earth/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Harry Potter\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:hp\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/harry-potter-adventure-map-3347878/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Naruto (Kohona)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:naruto\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/-download-naruto-world---konoha-village-hidden-in-the-leafs-/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Underwater City\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:aquacity\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/underwater-city-lumina-nocturnale-/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Modern City\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:moderncity\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/modern-city-download/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Eldaria\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:eldaria\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/eldaria-island---custom-terrain-mc-10---end-portal/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Assassin's Creep\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:asncrp\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/assassins-creep-a-open-world-parkour-map/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"\\u25c4=The Babylon Project=\\u25ba\\nNew York City 1936\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:babycity\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/new-york-city-1940s/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n \"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Paradise Palms\\n(Fortnite Map)\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:fn\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/fortnite-battle-royale-paradise-palms/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"The Walls 2\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:walls2\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/the-walls-2---pvp-survival/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"San Andreas (GTA)\\nSurvival Games\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:gta\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/the-survival-games---san-andreas-wip/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"PvP Arena\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:pvparena\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/pvp-arena-kit-pvp-map-17-18/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Survival Games 2.0\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:sg2.0\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/the-survival-games-2-848118/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Chinese New Year - Year of the Earth Dog\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Click to teleport\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/mvtp a:earthdog\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to see on PMC\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/chinese-new-year-yea-of-the-dog/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Want your world added to the Multiverse? Contact us at \"},{\"text\":\"agilexps.com\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.agilexps.com/\"}},{\"text\":\"!\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"Multiverse Navigator",author:"Jeruviel Stardust",display:{Lore:["Use this book to travel between ","the different worlds and ","locations of AGILE Multiversity"]}}
75
JeruvielAGILE Open Command BookAGILE Open Command BookJeruviel & agilexps.comtinyurl.com/AGILEbk
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Click here to get access to the commands for creating your own versions of what you see here and to add your own commands to the library!\\n\\n\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Left-click to navigate to AGILE command book in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"AGILE Open Command Book: \",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Left-click to navigate to AGILE command book in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Left-click to navigate to AGILE command book in browser\"}}]"],title:"AGILE Open Command Book",author:"agilexps.com",display:{Lore:["Play. Learn. Level Up in Life."]}}
76
JeruvielHK.OLI.000001E Hō Mai
Edith Kekuhikuhipuʻuoneoʻnaalikiokohala Kanākaʻole
https://blogs.ksbe.edu/alohaainaproject/e-ho-mai/
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"E H\\u014d Mai\\n\\nComposed by: Edith\\nKekuhikuhipu\\u02bbuoneo\\u02bbnaalikiokohala Kan\\u0101ka\\u02bbole\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"E h\\u014d mai ka \\u02bbike mai luna mai e\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n(Grant us the knowledge from above)\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"O n\\u0101 mea huna no\\u02bbeau no n\\u0101 mele e\\n(\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"Concerning the hidden wisdom of songs,\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\")\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"E h\\u014d mai (Grant,)\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"E h\\u014d mai (Grant,)\\nE h\\u014d mai\\n(\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"Grant us these things\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\")\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nBACKGROUND\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Kumu hula\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" master and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Hawaiian cultural and language expert, Edith K. Kan\\u0101ka\\u02bbole (affectionately known as Aunty Edith), composed this \"},{\"text\":\"oli\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (chant) for her hula troupe, \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"H\\u0101lau 0 Kekuhi. \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"The chant was originally performed by students at the beginning of class to request knowledge and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"wisdom from the ancestral deities to accomplish the task at hand.\\n\\nToday, this \"},{\"text\":\"oli\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" is commonly used at the start of an event or small gathering to focus a group\\u02bbs energies and ultimately carry out the \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"kuleana\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (responsibility) they\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"have undertaken. It is recommended that \"},{\"text\":\"haumana\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (students) use this chant to help them seek knowledge and clear their minds of any negativity.\\n\\n[SOURCE: \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"https://blogs.ksbe.edu\\n/alohaainaproject/e-\\nho-mai/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"E Hō Mai",author:"Edith Kekuhikuhipuʻuoneoʻnaalikiokohala Kanākaʻole",display:{Lore:["Kumu hula master and Hawaiian ","cultural and language expert, ","Edith K. Kanākaʻole (affectionately ","known as Aunty Edith), composed ","this oli (chant) for her hula troupe, ","Hālau 0 Kekuhi."," Today, this oli is..."]}}
/minecraft:give @p minecraft:sign{BlockEntityTag:{Text1:"{\"text\":\"HK.OLI.0001\",\"bold\":true}",Text2:"",Text3:"{\"text\":\"E H\\u014d Mai\",\"bold\":true}"},display:{Name:"{\"text\":\"HK.OLI.0001\"}"}}
77
kurouzumakiMC.T.G.E.0001Enchanters GuideMinecraft gamepedia
https://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Enchanting
minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\" \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"Enchanter's Guide\",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Table of Contents\",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nEnchanting methods\\nEnchantment table\\nAffecting offered enchantments\\nAnvil combinations\\nEnchanted books\\nSummary of enchantments\\nEnchantments for hand slot items\\nEnchantments for armor slot items\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"Enchantments\",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nAqua Affinity\\nBane of Arthropods\\nBlast Protection\\nChanneling\\nCurse of Binding\\nCurse of Vanishing\\nDepth Strider\\nEfficiency\\nFeather Falling\\nFire Aspect\\nFire Protection\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Flame\\nFortune\\nFrost Walker\\nImpaling\\nInfinity\\nKnockback\\nLooting\\nLoyalty\\nLuck of the Sea\\nLure\\nMending\\nMultishot\\nPiercing\\n \"}","{\"text\":\"Power\\nProjectile Protection\\nProtection\\nPunch\\nQuick Charge\\nRespiration\\nRiptide\\nSharpness\\nSilk Touch\\nSmite\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Smite\\nSweeping Edge\\nThorns\\nUnbreaking\\nData values\\nIDs\\n\"},{\"text\":\"External links\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Enchanting\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\" Enchantment Methods\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nThere are 3 different methods for enchanting.\\n1. Enchantment Table (requires lapis lazuli/experience)\\n2. Anvil (enchantment book/experience)\\n3. Anvil (enchanted item/the same item without enchantment)\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"You can also obtain enchanted items from fishing, killing, commands, and villager trades.\\n ___________\\n | |\\n | ___ ___ |\\n | | | | | |\\n | | | | | | \\n | |\\n | | | |\\n | |_| |\\n ------------\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enchantment Table\",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nThe enchantment table is the main way people enchant tools, books, and weapons. The enchantment \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"Enchanter's Guide",author:"Minecraft Wiki & kurouzumaki",display:{Lore:["A guide for potential enchanters."]}}
78
DustStorm808MC.T.G.M.0001HuntingEndermenMinecraft101.net
http://www.minecraft101.net/t/hunting-endermen.html
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"How to hunt Endermen\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_aqua\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nThis Minecraft book is adapted by DustStorm808 from the \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Minecraft101.com guide to hunting Endermen\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.minecraft101.net/t/hunting-endermen.html\"}},{\"text\":\". For original article with images, see \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.minecraft101.net/t/hunting-endermen.html\",\"color\":\"aqua\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.minecraft101.net/t/hunting-endermen.html\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u200b\"},{\"text\":\"How to Hunt Endermen\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nOne of the harder items to get in Minecraft is the Ender Pearls that are sometimes dropped by Endermen when you kill them. You need a bunch of these to open a portal to The End. This tutoerial shows the easiest way to get them.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Find a Location\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nThe best place to hunt Endermen is in the desert, because you can see them against the light sand at night.\\nFind a flat area or a hill-top that allows you to see a long way.\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Build a Hunting Lodge\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nThis is a wall \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"closing a large, well-lit area that mobs can't spawn in.\\n\\nThe outside of the wall has an overhang to stop spiders climbing up.\\nThe inside of the wall has a bigger overhang, and the space underneath is 2 blocks high, so you can stand\\n\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"under them but the tall Endermen can't get to you.\\nDon't forget to put torches on top of the wall as well as on the ground inside!\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Hunting Endermen\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nWait for night to fall, then climb up on your wall. When you see an Enderman, make eye\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"contact (look straight at him so that your crosshairs are over him.\\n\\nThe Enderman will come closer to attack you. Scary!\\n\\nWhat you want to do now is jump down and get under the rook you have built. When\"}","{\"text\":\"the Enderman comes inside you hunting lodge, you will be able to attack him but he won't be able to get to you.\\n\\nDefeat your enemy, and hope he drops an ender Pearl!\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\n[Original article accessed on November 13, 2018 at \"},{\"text\":\"http://www.minecraft101.net/t/hunting-endermen.html\",\"color\":\"aqua\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.minecraft101.net/t/hunting-endermen.html\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"How to hunt Endermen",author:"DustStorm808 & minecraft101.net",display:{Lore:["A brief guide to hunting Endermen"]}}
79
IL0v3K1tt3nsMC.T.G.E.0002AllAboutBowsMinecraft gamepedia
https://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Bow
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"     \"},{\"text\":\"ALL ABOUT BOWS \",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\"\\n      \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"- a guide -\",\"color\":\"blue\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nadapted by IL0v3K1tt3ns from the \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Official Minecraft Wiki\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Bow\"}}]","{\"text\":\"Contents\\n1Obtaining\\n1.1Skeletons\\n1.2Illusioners\\n1.3Trading\\n1.4Fishing\\n1.5Crafting\\n2Usage\\n2.1Weapon\\n2.2Crafting ingredient\\n2.3Enchantments\\n2.4Fuel\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"3Arrows\\n4Achievements\\n5Advancements\\n6Video\\n7History\\n8Issues\\n9Trivia\\n10Gallery\\n11References\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Obtaining \\nSkeletons\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nNEXT PAGE --------->\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Skeletons have an 8.5% chance of dropping a bow on death when killed by the player. The chance of dropping a bow is increased by 1% per level of looting, allowing up to an 11.5% chance of dropping.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Illusioners\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIllusioners have an 8.5% chance of dropping a bow when killed by the player. The chance of dropping a bow is increased by 1% per level of looting, allowing up to an 11.5% chance of dropping.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Trading\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nFletcher villagers will trade a non-enchanted bow for 2 to 3 emeralds as part of their tier 2 trades.\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Fishing\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nBows have a chance of being caught by fishing as part of the treasure category. When caught, the bow may be damaged and contain random enchantments equivalent to a level 30 enchantment from an enchantment table.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Crafting Bow\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIf you want to craft a bow you will need 3 string and 3 sticks you can get stick form dead bushes,chest and trees. you can get string form spiders and chest or fomr creative same as sticks.If you don't like your bow almost broken get another bow and craft them together.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"More Imformation\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nWhile the bow is being charged or remains fully charged, the player is forced to move at sneaking speed, unless they are riding a horse, minecart or boat at the time, which causes no speed decrease. \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Enchantments\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nBows can receive seven different enchantments, and have a base enchantibility of 1. Bow enchantments have no effect on arrow speed or distance.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Power\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" increases the damage by 25% times the level of power plus 1, up to a maximum of level V. PA power V bow will deal a maximum of 25 ( × 12.5).\\nPunch will increase the knock back (+3 blocks per level) applied by the bow, up to a maximum level of II.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Flame \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"will ignite the arrow, causing it to likewise ignite any entities it hits. If not extinguished, the fire damage will do up to 2 full hearts. Flame will also allow the player to ignite TNT from a distance. There is only 1 level of flame.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Infinity\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" allows you to fire the bow without consuming any arrows. A single arrow is still required to fire. Fired arrows shot from an infinity enchanted bow cannot be retrieved if they land on the ground. There is only 1 level of infinity. Tipped arrows will be consumed even with Infinity.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Unbreaking \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"causes a\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"(100/(Level+1))%\",\"color\":\"black\"},{\"text\":\" chance a shot fired reduces the durability of the bow. Unbreaking has a maximum level of III.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Mending\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" allows a certain proportion of XP orbs collected to contribute towards repairing the bow, rather than raising the player's experience. It can only be applied using enchanted books and an anvil.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Curse of Vanishing[\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"Java and Legacy Console editions only\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"] causes the bow to disappear instead of dropping on the ground when the player dies. However, the Keep Inventory gamerule will override this. It can only be applied using enchanted books and an anvil.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Fuel\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nA bow can be used as fuel in furnaces, smelting 1.5 items per bow in the Java and Legacy Console editions or 1 item per bow in the Bedrock Edition.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Arrows\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n are affected by gravity, they take an arcing path over distances. One must aim above the target when firing from a distance, or gain higher ground, to effectively make a hit. Arrows will slow down if shot through water\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"All About Bows",author:IL0v3K1tt3ns,display:{Lore:["this is book were it will give you ","information about bows  and all ","the tips and tricks of a bow."]}}
80
JeruvielMC.AMV.U.0001CharacterCreationJeruviel & agilexps.comN/A
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\" Character Creator\\n[ALPHA TESTING] \",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"ALPHA TESTING v.05\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Welcome\",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" to an \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"epic adventure\",\"color\":\"light_purple\"},{\"text\":\"! This tome will guide you through character creation and job selection. Choose carefully!\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"*REGISTER*\",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true,\"color\":\"dark_aqua\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click here to register for the Academy for Gameful & Immersive Learning Experiences\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nWritten by \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/member/agilexps/\"}},{\"text\":\" of \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Academy for Gameful & Immersive Learning Experiences\",\"color\":\"dark_green\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.agilexps.com/\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"2) \"},{\"text\":\"CHARACTER CLASS\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_class_(Dungeons_%26_Dragons)\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Hover for details, click to choose one\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ALCHEMIST\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess alchemist\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Crafts concoctions to do their deeds\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"BARBARIAN\",\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess barbarian\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Overcomes adversaries with the power of rage\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"BARD\",\"color\":\"green\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess bard\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Tells inspiring tales, weaves worlds, and sings songs\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"CLERIC\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess cleric\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Devotee of one or another divine power\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"DRUID\",\"color\":\"dark_green\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess druid\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Devout defender and follower of Mother Earth\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"JEDI\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess jedi\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Uses the force in accord with the Jedi Order\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"MONK\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess monk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Master of body, mind, and spirit\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\"BOUNTY HUNTER\",\"color\":\"gold\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess bounty hunter\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Not likely to be easily shaken from one's tail...\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"NINJA\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess ninja\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"They never see it coming...\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"PALADIN\",\"color\":\"yellow\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess paladin\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Dogmatic enforcer\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"SPACE PIRATE\",\"color\":\"aqua\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess space pirate\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Like a pirate... except in space\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"RANGER\",\"color\":\"dark_gray\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess ranger\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Woods, trees, bows and arrows hunting tracking type\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"SAMURAI\",\"color\":\"red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess samurai\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Did somebody say katana?\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"SORCERER\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess sorcerer\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Innate magic\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"SITH\",\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess sith\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Uses the force for THE DARK SIDE\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"WITCH\",\"color\":\"dark_aqua\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess witch\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Earthly, faith, plant, and ritual based magic\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"WIZARD\",\"color\":\"yellow\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess wizard\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Spell book and study based magic\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"[RESET STEPS #2-4]\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class reset confirm\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click here to reset steps #2-4(class, essence, and species)\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"3) ESSENCE (choose 1)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"DARK\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess dark\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"EARTH\",\"color\":\"dark_green\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess earth\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"FIRE\",\"color\":\"red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess fire\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"LIGHT\",\"color\":\"yellow\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess light\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"IRON\",\"color\":\"gray\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess iron\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"WATER\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess water\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"AIR\",\"color\":\"aqua\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess air\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\"FUNGUS\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess fungal\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"PLANT\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess plant\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"EMERALD\",\"color\":\"green\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess emerald\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"BONE\",\"color\":\"white\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess bone\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"STONE\",\"color\":\"dark_gray\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess stone\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"4) SPECIES (choose 1)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"AARACOKRA\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess aaracokra\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"BEHOLDER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess beholder\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"BUGBEAR\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess bugbear\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"DWARF\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess dwarf\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"EQUINE SKELETON\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess equine skeleton\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"DRAGONBORN\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess dragonborn\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"ELF\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess elf\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"ENDERFOLK\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess enderfolk\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"FIRBOLG\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess firbolg\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"GNOME\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess gnome\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"HALFLING\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess halfling\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"HUMAN\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess human\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"INDUS KNIGHT\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess industrial knight\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"LIZARDFOLK\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess lizardfolk\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"OROG\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess orog\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"SKELETON\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess skeleton\"}},{\"text\":\" \"},{\"text\":\"TROLL\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess troll\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"WITHER SKELETON\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/class profess wither skeleton\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"5) JOBS (choose 3)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"BUILDER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join builder\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"BREWER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join brewer\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"CRAFTER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join crafter\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ENCHANTER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join enchanter\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"EXPLORER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join explorer\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"HUNTER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join hunter\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"FARMER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join farmer\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"FISHER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join fisherman\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"MINER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join miner\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"WEAPONSMITH\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join weaponsmith\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"WOODCUTTER\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"run_command\",\"value\":\"/jobs join woodcutter\"}}]"],title:"Character Creation Guide",author:"agilexps.com",display:{Lore:["This magical tome guides you through","the process of character creation and","pathway selection for an optimized","Minecraft experience. [DRAFT COPY]"]}}
81
JeruvielHK.USOC.2018.02.24deZayasMemoDr. Alfred M. deZayas
https://hawaiiankingdom.org/pdf/Dr_deZayas_Memo_2_25_2018.pdf
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["{\"text\":\"UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS\\nOFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER\\n\\nOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\\nPalais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland\\n\\nMEMORANDUM\"}","{\"text\":\"Date: 25 February 2018\\n\\nFrom: Dr. Alfred M. deZayas\\nUnited Nations Independent Expert\\nOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\\n\\nTO: Honorable Gary W. B. Chang, and\"}","{\"text\":\"Honorable Jeannette H. Castagnetti, and\\nMembers of the Judiciary for the State of Hawaii\\n\\nRE: The case of Mme Routh Bolomet\\n\\nAs a professor of international law, the former Secretary of the UN Human Rights\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Committee, co-author of book, \"},{\"text\":\"The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008,\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" and currently serving as the UN Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, I have come to understand that the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Islands is that of a sovereign nation-state in continuity; but a nation-state that is under a strange form of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and a fraudulent annexation.\\nAs such, international\"}","{\"text\":\"laws (the Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of the laws of the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom), not the\"}","{\"text\":\"domestic laws of the occupier (the United States).\\n\\nBased on that understanding, in paragraph 69(n) of my 2013 report (A/68/284) to the United Nations General Assembly I recommended that the people of the Hawaiian\"}","{\"text\":\"Islands \\u2013 and other peoples and nations in similar situations \\u2013 be provided access to UN procedures and mechanisms in order to exercise their rights protected under international law. The adjudication of land transactions in the Hawaiian Islands would likewise be a\"}","{\"text\":\"matter of Hawaiian Kingdom law and international law, not domestic U.S. law.\\n\\nI have reviewed the complaint submitted in 2017 by Mme Routh Bolomet to the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, pointing out historical and\"}","{\"text\":\"ongoing plundering of the Hawaiians\\u2019 lands, particularly of those heirs and descendants with land titles that originate from the distribution of lands under the authority of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Pursuant to the U.S. Supreme Court judgement in the\"}","{\"text\":\"Paquete Habana Case (1900), U.S. courts have to take international law and customary international law into account in property disputes. The state of Hawaii courts should not lend themselves to a flagrant violation of the rights of the land title holders and\"}","{\"text\":\"in consequence of pertinent international norms. Therefore, the courts of the State of Hawaii must not enable or collude in the wrongful taking of private lands, bearing in mind that the right to property is recognized not only in U.S. law but also in Article 17 of the\"}","{\"text\":\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted under the leadership of Eleanor Roosevelt.\\n\\nRespectfully,\\n\\n(signed)\\nDr. Alfred M. deZayas\\nUnited Nations Independent Expert on the promotion of a\"}","{\"text\":\"democratic and equitable international order\\nOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\\nPalais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland\\n[See PDF of memo at hawaiiankingdom.org\\n/pdf/Dr_deZayas_\\nMemo_2_25_2018.pdf ]\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[NOTE: according to a May 19, 2018 article at the Hawaiian Kingdom blog titled \\\"United Nations Acknowledges the Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom\\\":\\n\\n\\\"Dr. deZayas\\u2019 Memorandum was sent by the Swiss Postal service, \"},{\"text\":\"La Poste\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", in\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"\\\"Geneva, to the United States President, the Secretary of State, the State of Hawai\\u2018i Attorney General, a State of Hawai\\u2018i Judge Gary W.B. Chang of the Land Court, and State of Hawai\\u2018i Judge Jeanette H. Castagnette of the\"}","{\"text\":\"\\\"First Circuit. Mrs. Bolomet is a defendant in a case before both Judge Chang and Judge Castagnetti\\\" (https://hawaiiankingd\\nom.org/blog/united-nati\\nons-acknowledges-\\nthe-occupation-of-the-\\nhawaiian-kingdom/).\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[for \"},{\"text\":\"PDF\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"PDF = Portable Document Format\"}},{\"text\":\" of this memo:\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Mirror 1- \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"HawaiianKingdom.org\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://hawaiiankingdom.org/pdf/Dr_deZayas_Memo_2_25_2018.pdf\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to navigate in browser to: \\\"Weblog of the acting government of the  Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within  the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Mirror 2-\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"agilexps.wordpress.com\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://agilexps.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/dr_dezayas_memo_2_25_2018.pdf\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate in browser to: \\\"Blog of the Academy for Gameful & Immersive Learning Experiences.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nAlso see \\\"\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"United Nations Acknowledges the Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://hawaiiankingdom.org/blog/united-nations-acknowledges-the-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to navigate in browser to: \\\"Weblog of the acting government of the  Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within  the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\\" and \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"current events\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://hawaiiankingdom.org/blog/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to navigate in browser to: \\\"Weblog of the acting government of the  Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within  the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK.USOC.2018.02.24",author:"Dr. Alfred M. deZayas",display:{Lore:["United Nations High Commission ","of Human Rights","25 February 2018 ","Memorandum to","Honorable Gary W.B. Chang, and","Honorable Jeannette H. Castagnetti, ","and Members of the ","Judiciary for the State of Hawaii"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["{\"text\":\"UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS\\nOFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER\\n\\nOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\\nPalais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland\\n\\nMEMORANDUM\"}","{\"text\":\"Date: 25 February 2018\\n\\nFrom: Dr. Alfred M. deZayas\\nUnited Nations Independent Expert\\nOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\\n\\nTO: Honorable Gary W. B. Chang, and\"}","{\"text\":\"Honorable Jeannette H. Castagnetti, and\\nMembers of the Judiciary for the State of Hawaii\\n\\nRE: The case of Mme Routh Bolomet\\n\\nAs a professor of international law, the former Secretary of the UN Human Rights\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Committee, co-author of book, \"},{\"text\":\"The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008,\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" and currently serving as the UN Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, I have come to understand that the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Islands is that of a sovereign nation-state in continuity; but a nation-state that is under a strange form of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and a fraudulent annexation.\\nAs such, international\"}","{\"text\":\"laws (the Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of the laws of the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom), not the\"}","{\"text\":\"domestic laws of the occupier (the United States).\\n\\nBased on that understanding, in paragraph 69(n) of my 2013 report (A/68/284) to the United Nations General Assembly I recommended that the people of the Hawaiian\"}","{\"text\":\"Islands \\u2013 and other peoples and nations in similar situations \\u2013 be provided access to UN procedures and mechanisms in order to exercise their rights protected under international law. The adjudication of land transactions in the Hawaiian Islands would likewise be a\"}","{\"text\":\"matter of Hawaiian Kingdom law and international law, not domestic U.S. law.\\n\\nI have reviewed the complaint submitted in 2017 by Mme Routh Bolomet to the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, pointing out historical and\"}","{\"text\":\"ongoing plundering of the Hawaiians\\u2019 lands, particularly of those heirs and descendants with land titles that originate from the distribution of lands under the authority of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Pursuant to the U.S. Supreme Court judgement in the\"}","{\"text\":\"Paquete Habana Case (1900), U.S. courts have to take international law and customary international law into account in property disputes. The state of Hawaii courts should not lend themselves to a flagrant violation of the rights of the land title holders and\"}","{\"text\":\"in consequence of pertinent international norms. Therefore, the courts of the State of Hawaii must not enable or collude in the wrongful taking of private lands, bearing in mind that the right to property is recognized not only in U.S. law but also in Article 17 of the\"}","{\"text\":\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted under the leadership of Eleanor Roosevelt.\\n\\nRespectfully,\\n\\n(signed)\\nDr. Alfred M. deZayas\\nUnited Nations Independent Expert on the promotion of a\"}","{\"text\":\"democratic and equitable international order\\nOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\\nPalais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland\\n[See PDF of memo at hawaiiankingdom.org\\n/pdf/Dr_deZayas_\\nMemo_2_25_2018.pdf ]\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[NOTE: according to a May 19, 2018 article at the Hawaiian Kingdom blog titled \\\"United Nations Acknowledges the Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom\\\":\\n\\n\\\"Dr. deZayas\\u2019 Memorandum was sent by the Swiss Postal service, \"},{\"text\":\"La Poste\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", in\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"\\\"Geneva, to the United States President, the Secretary of State, the State of Hawai\\u2018i Attorney General, a State of Hawai\\u2018i Judge Gary W.B. Chang of the Land Court, and State of Hawai\\u2018i Judge Jeanette H. Castagnette of the\"}","{\"text\":\"\\\"First Circuit. Mrs. Bolomet is a defendant in a case before both Judge Chang and Judge Castagnetti\\\" (https://hawaiiankingd\\nom.org/blog/united-nati\\nons-acknowledges-\\nthe-occupation-of-the-\\nhawaiian-kingdom/).\\n \"}"],title:"deZayas Memo 2.25.2018",author:"Dr. Alfred M. deZayas",display:{Lore:["United Nations High Commission ","of Human Rights","25 February 2018 ","Memorandum to","Honorable Gary W.B. Chang, and","Honorable Jeannette H. Castagnetti, ","and Members of the ","Judiciary for the State of Hawaii"]}}
82
JeruvielHK.USOC.1893.01.17HKtoPG1893.01.17Queen Lili`oukalani
http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu2.php
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"I, \"},{\"text\":\"Liliuokalani\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom,\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" Queen\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose minister plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused\"}","{\"text\":\"United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government.\\nNow, to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest and impelled by said forces, yield my\"}","{\"text\":\"authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo (?) the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Done at Honolulu, this 17th day of January, A. D. 1893.\\n\\n(Signed)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Liliuokalani R. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n(Signed)\\nSamuel Parker, Minister of Foreign Affairs.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"(Signed)\\nWm. H. Cornwell, Minister of Finance.\\n\\n(Signed)\\nJohn F. Colburn, Minister of Interior.\\n\\n(Signed)\\nA. P. Peterson, Attorney-General.\\n \"}","{\"text\":\"(Addressed)\\nTo S. B. Dole, Esq., and others composing the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands.\\n\\n[Source accessed November 12th, 2018 at\\nhttp://libweb.hawaii.edu\\n/digicoll/annexation\\n/protest/liliu2.php]\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Click here for external link to source\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu2.php\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to navigate to source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"blue\"},{\"text\":\"from\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Collection\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nHamilton Library\\nUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa\\n2550 McCarthy Mall\\nHonolulu, HI 96822\\nPhone: (808) 956-8264\\nFax: (808) 956-5968\\nE-mail: \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"hawnpac@hawaii.ed\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\"},{\"text\":\"u\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK to PG 1.17.1893",author:"Hawaiian Kingdom",display:{Lore:["Queen Liliʻuokalani and Hawaiian Kingdom","protest letter to Sanford B. Dole and","the \"Provisional Government\"","January 17th, 1893"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"I, \"},{\"text\":\"Liliuokalani\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom,\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" Queen\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose minister plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused\"}","{\"text\":\"United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government.\\nNow, to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest and impelled by said forces, yield my\"}","{\"text\":\"authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo (?) the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Done at Honolulu, this 17th day of January, A. D. 1893.\\n\\n(Signed)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Liliuokalani R. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n(Signed)\\nSamuel Parker, Minister of Foreign Affairs.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"(Signed)\\nWm. H. Cornwell, Minister of Finance.\\n\\n(Signed)\\nJohn F. Colburn, Minister of Interior.\\n\\n(Signed)\\nA. P. Peterson, Attorney-General.\\n \"}","{\"text\":\"(Addressed)\\nTo S. B. Dole, Esq., and others composing the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands.\\n\\n[Source accessed November 12th, 2018 at\\nhttp://libweb.hawaii.edu\\n/digicoll/annexation\\n/protest/liliu2.php]\"}"],title:"HK to PG 1.17.1893",author:"Hawaiian Kingdom",display:{Lore:["Queen Liliʻuokalani and Hawaiian Kingdom","protest letter to Sanford B. Dole and","the \"Provisional Government\"","January 17th, 1893"]}}
83
JeruvielHK.USOC.1897.06.17HKtoUS1897.06.17Queen Lili`oukalani
http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu5.php
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"I, LILIUOKALANI OF HAWAII\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", by the Will of God named heir-apparent on the tenth day of April, A.D. 1877, and by the grace of God Queen of the Hawaiian Islands on the seventeenth day of January, A.D. 1893, do hereby protest against the ratification of a\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"certain treaty, which, so \"},{\"text\":\"I \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"am informed, has been signed at Washington by Messrs, Hatch, Thurston, and Kinney, purporting to cede those Islands to the territory and dominion of the United States. I declare such a treaty to be an act of -wrong\\ntoward the native and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"part-native people of Hawaii, an invasion of the rights of the ruling chiefs, in violation of international rights both toward my people and toward friendly nations with whom they have made treaties, the perpetuation of the fraud whereby the constitutional\"}","{\"text\":\"government was overthrown, and, finally, an act of gross injustice to me.\\n\\nBECAUSE the official protests made by me on the seventeenth day of January, 1893, to the so-called Provisional Government was signed by me, and\"}","{\"text\":\"received by said government with the assurance that the case was referred to the United States of America for arbitration.\\n\\nBECAUSE that protest and my communications to the United States Government immediately thereafter\"}","{\"text\":\"expressly declare that I yielded my authority to the forces of the United States in order to avoid bloodshed, and because I recognized the futility of a conflict with so formidable a power.\\n\\nBECAUSE the President of the United States, the\"}","{\"text\":\"Secretary of State, and an envoy commissioned by them reported in official documents that my government was unlawfully coerced by the forces, diplomatic and naval, of the United States; that I was at the date of their investigations the constitutional\"}","{\"text\":\"ruler of my people.\\n\\nBECAUSE neither the above-named commission nor the government which sends it has ever received any such authority from the registered voters of Hawaii, but derives its safety, organized on or about the\"}","{\"text\":\"seventeenth-day of January, 1893, said committee being composed largely of persons claiming American citizenship, and not one single Hawaiian was a member thereof, or in any way participated in the demonstration leading to its existence.\"}","{\"text\":\"BECAUSE my people, about forty thousand in number, have in no way been consulted by those, three thousand in number, who claim the right to destroy the independence of Hawaii. My people constitute four-fifths of the legally qualified voters of Hawaii,\"}","{\"text\":\"and excluding those imported for\\nthe demands of labor, about the same proportion of the inhabitants.\\n\\nBECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only the civic rights of my people, but, further, the hereditary property of their\"}","{\"text\":\"chiefs. Of the 4,000,000 acres composing the territory said treaty offers to annex, 1,000,000 or 915,000 acres has in no way been heretofore recognized as other than the private property of the constitutional monarch, subject to control in\"}","{\"text\":\"now way differing from other items of a private estate.\\n\\nBECAUSE it is proposed by said treaty to confiscate said property, technically called the crown lands, those legally entitled thereto, either now or in succession, receiving no\"}","{\"text\":\"consideration whatever for estates, their title to which has been always undisputed, and which is legitimately in my name at this date.\\n\\nBECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only all professions of perpetual amity and good faith made by the United States in\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"its own magistrates (legally elected by the people of the United States, and in office in 1893) pronounced fraudulently in power and unconstitutionally ruling Hawaii.\\n\\nTHEREFORE \"},{\"text\":\"I, LILIUOKALANI OF HAWAII\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", do hereby call upon the President of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"that nation, to whom former treaties with the sovereigns representing the Hawaiian people, but all treaties made by those sovereigns with other and friendly powers, and it is thereby in violation of international law.\"}","{\"text\":\"BECAUSE, by treating with the parties claiming at this time the right to cede said territory of Hawaii, the Government of the United States receives such territory from the hands of those whom alone I yielded my property and my authority, to withdraw said treaty (ceding\"}","{\"text\":\"said Islands) from further consideration.\\nI ask the honorable Senate of the United States to decline to ratify said treaty, and I implore the people of this great and good nation, from whom my ancestors learned the Christian religion, to sustain their representatives\"}","{\"text\":\"in such acts of justice and equity as may be in accord with the principles of their fathers, and to the Almighty Ruler of the universe, to him who judgeth righteously, I commit my cause.\\n\\nDONE at Washington, District of Columbia, United States of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"America, this seventeenth day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-seven.\\n\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Liliuokalani\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"[witnesses to signing]\\nJoseph Heleluhe\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Pakeki Heleluhe\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Julius A. Palme\",\"italic\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Click here for external link to source\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu5.php\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to navigate to source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"blue\"},{\"text\":\"from\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Collection\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nHamilton Library\\nUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa\\n2550 McCarthy Mall\\nHonolulu, HI 96822\\nPhone: (808) 956-8264\\nFax: (808) 956-5968\\nE-mail: \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"hawnpac@hawaii.ed\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\"},{\"text\":\"u\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]",],title:"HK.USOC.1897.06.17",author:"Queen Liliʻuokalani",display:{Lore:["Queen Liliuokalani","to William McKinley ","(U.S. President), ","June 17, 1897"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"I, LILIUOKALANI OF HAWAII\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", by the Will of God named heir-apparent on the tenth day of April, A.D. 1877, and by the grace of God Queen of the Hawaiian Islands on the seventeenth day of January, A.D. 1893, do hereby protest against the ratification of a\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"certain treaty, which, so \"},{\"text\":\"I \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"am informed, has been signed at Washington by Messrs, Hatch, Thurston, and Kinney, purporting to cede those Islands to the territory and dominion of the United States. I declare such a treaty to be an act of -wrong\\ntoward the native and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"part-native people of Hawaii, an invasion of the rights of the ruling chiefs, in violation of international rights both toward my people and toward friendly nations with whom they have made treaties, the perpetuation of the fraud whereby the constitutional\"}","{\"text\":\"government was overthrown, and, finally, an act of gross injustice to me.\\n\\nBECAUSE the official protests made by me on the seventeenth day of January, 1893, to the so-called Provisional Government was signed by me, and\"}","{\"text\":\"received by said government with the assurance that the case was referred to the United States of America for arbitration.\\n\\nBECAUSE that protest and my communications to the United States Government immediately thereafter\"}","{\"text\":\"expressly declare that I yielded my authority to the forces of the United States in order to avoid bloodshed, and because I recognized the futility of a conflict with so formidable a power.\\n\\nBECAUSE the President of the United States, the\"}","{\"text\":\"Secretary of State, and an envoy commissioned by them reported in official documents that my government was unlawfully coerced by the forces, diplomatic and naval, of the United States; that I was at the date of their investigations the constitutional\"}","{\"text\":\"ruler of my people.\\n\\nBECAUSE neither the above-named commission nor the government which sends it has ever received any such authority from the registered voters of Hawaii, but derives its safety, organized on or about the\"}","{\"text\":\"seventeenth-day of January, 1893, said committee being composed largely of persons claiming American citizenship, and not one single Hawaiian was a member thereof, or in any way participated in the demonstration leading to its existence.\"}","{\"text\":\"BECAUSE my people, about forty thousand in number, have in no way been consulted by those, three thousand in number, who claim the right to destroy the independence of Hawaii. My people constitute four-fifths of the legally qualified voters of Hawaii,\"}","{\"text\":\"and excluding those imported for\\nthe demands of labor, about the same proportion of the inhabitants.\\n\\nBECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only the civic rights of my people, but, further, the hereditary property of their\"}","{\"text\":\"chiefs. Of the 4,000,000 acres composing the territory said treaty offers to annex, 1,000,000 or 915,000 acres has in no way been heretofore recognized as other than the private property of the constitutional monarch, subject to control in\"}","{\"text\":\"now way differing from other items of a private estate.\\n\\nBECAUSE it is proposed by said treaty to confiscate said property, technically called the crown lands, those legally entitled thereto, either now or in succession, receiving no\"}","{\"text\":\"consideration whatever for estates, their title to which has been always undisputed, and which is legitimately in my name at this date.\\n\\nBECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only all professions of perpetual amity and good faith made by the United States in\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"its own magistrates (legally elected by the people of the United States, and in office in 1893) pronounced fraudulently in power and unconstitutionally ruling Hawaii.\\n\\nTHEREFORE \"},{\"text\":\"I, LILIUOKALANI OF HAWAII\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", do hereby call upon the President of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"that nation, to whom former treaties with the sovereigns representing the Hawaiian people, but all treaties made by those sovereigns with other and friendly powers, and it is thereby in violation of international law.\"}","{\"text\":\"BECAUSE, by treating with the parties claiming at this time the right to cede said territory of Hawaii, the Government of the United States receives such territory from the hands of those whom alone I yielded my property and my authority, to withdraw said treaty (ceding\"}","{\"text\":\"said Islands) from further consideration.\\nI ask the honorable Senate of the United States to decline to ratify said treaty, and I implore the people of this great and good nation, from whom my ancestors learned the Christian religion, to sustain their representatives\"}","{\"text\":\"in such acts of justice and equity as may be in accord with the principles of their fathers, and to the Almighty Ruler of the universe, to him who judgeth righteously, I commit my cause.\\n\\nDONE at Washington, District of Columbia, United States of\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"America, this seventeenth day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-seven.\\n\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Liliuokalani\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"[witnesses to signing]\\nJoseph Heleluhe\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Pakeki Heleluhe\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Julius A. Palme\",\"italic\":true}]"],title:"HK to US 06.17.1897",author:"Queen Liliʻuokalani",display:{Lore:["Queen Liliuokalani","to William McKinley ","(U.S. President), ","June 17, 1897"]}}
84
JeruvielHK.USOC.1898.08.06HPLtoUSAug1898Hawaiian Patriotic League
http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu10.php
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["{\"text\":\"No. 195.\\n\\nLegation of the United States,\\n\\nHonolulu. H. I. August 6th, 1898.\\n\\nMr. Sewall to the Secretary of State. Subject.\\n\\nEnclosing copy of\"}","{\"text\":\"Resolutions and protests of the Executive Committees of the Hawaiian Patriotic League\\n\\nLegation of the United States. Honolulu, H. I. August 6th 1898. Honorable W. R. Day, Secretary of State, Washington. D.C.\"}","{\"text\":\"Sir:-\\nI have the honor to enclose copy of Resolution and protest of the Executive Committee of the Hawaiian Patriotic League, [?] the Womens branch and the Hawaiian Political Association. I have the honor to be,\\nSir. Your obedient Servant, _____\"}","{\"text\":\"RESOLUTIONS. WHEREAS: On the 17th day of January, A. D. 1893, our beloved Queen LILIUOKALANI noted a protest against the acts or the representatives of the United States of America, in form as follows:\\nI, LILIUOKALANI, by the grace of God and\"}","{\"text\":\"under the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a\"}","{\"text\":\"provisional government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force or the United States or America, whose minister plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared\"}","{\"text\":\"that he would support the said provisional government.\\nHow to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the\"}","{\"text\":\"United States shall upon the facts being presorted to it undo the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Kingdom; and\\n\\nWHEREAS: Grover Cleveland, President\"}","{\"text\":\"of the United States, after a careful review of the facts, stated in a message to\\n\\n(2) Congress, dated the 18th day of December, 1893, as follows:\\n\\nAs I apprehend the situation, we are brought face to face\"}","{\"text\":\"with the following conditional The lawful Government of Hawaii was overthrown without the drawing of a sword or the firing of a shot by a process every step of which, it nay safely be assarted, is directly traceable to and dependent for its success upon the\"}","{\"text\":\"agency of the United States active through its diplomatic and naval representatives; and\\n\\nWHEREAS: the so-called Republic of Hawaii by its Executive; and Senate formulated a treaty to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States,\"}","{\"text\":\"and said treaty having failed of ratification by the Senate of the United States, and by such failure to ratify having become void and of no effect\\nas to Hawaii, because of the terms of Article 32 of tie Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, which reads:\"}","{\"text\":\"the President, with the approval of the Cabinet, is hereby ex- pressly authorized and empowered to make a Treaty of Political or Commercial union between the Republic of Hawaii and the United States of America, subject to the ratification of the senate and\"}","{\"text\":\"WHEREAS: The Senate and House of Representatives of the United States have passed a Joint resolution, for the annexa-tion of the Hawaiian Islands, and such joint resolution has not been passed upon by the People of Hawaii nor by their Representatives in\"}","{\"text\":\"Legislature assembled; and\\n\\nWHEREAS: By memorial the people of Hawaii have protested\\n\\n(3)against the con[?]ation of an Invasion of their political rights, and have fervently appealed to the\"}","{\"text\":\"President, the Congress and the people of the United States to refrain from further participating in the wrongful annexation of Hawaii:\\nand\\nWHEREAS: The Declaration of American Independence\"}","{\"text\":\"expresses that Governments derive their Just powers from the consent of the governed; Therefore, Be it\\n\\nRESOLVED: That as the representatives of a large and influential body of native Hawaiians, we solemnly protest against\"}","{\"text\":\"annexation in the manner proposed and without reference to or obtaining the consent of the people of the Hawaiian Islands;\\nRESOLVED: That a copy of these resolutions with an English translation be forwarded to Sanford B. Dole, President of\"}","{\"text\":\"the Republic of Hawaii, and to the Agents representing William McKinley, President of the United States, at Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.\\n \"}","{\"text\":\"No. 196. Legation of the United States, Honolulu, H. I. August 8th, 1898.\\n\\nMr. Sewall to the Secretary of State. Subject. Arrangement of formalities of transfer.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"FOR MORE INFORMATION\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\ncall, write, fax or e-mail to:\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Collection\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nHamilton Library\\nUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa\\n2550 McCarthy Mall\\nHonolulu, HI 96822\\nPhone: (808) 956-8264\\nFax: (808) 956-5968\\nE-mail: hawnpac@hawaii.edu\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"To view a PDF that includes this text and the enclosed \\\"copy of Resolutions and protests of the Executive Committees of the Hawaiian Patriotic League\\\", see\\n\\nhttp://libweb.hawaii.edu\\n/digicoll/annexation\\n/protest/liliu10.php\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Click here for external link to source\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu10.php\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to navigate to source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"blue\"},{\"text\":\"from\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Collection\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nHamilton Library\\nUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa\\n2550 McCarthy Mall\\nHonolulu, HI 96822\\nPhone: (808) 956-8264\\nFax: (808) 956-5968\\nE-mail: \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"hawnpac@hawaii.ed\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\"},{\"text\":\"u\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]",],title:"HK.USOC.1898.08.06",author:"Hawaiian Patriotic League",display:{Lore:["Resolution and Protests of the ","Executive Committees of the ","Hawaiian Patriotic League","Hui Kalaaina, Hui Aloha Aina Kane ","and Hui Aloha Aina Wahine, ","1898 to U.S. Secretary of State"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["{\"text\":\"No. 195.\\n\\nLegation of the United States,\\n\\nHonolulu. H. I. August 6th, 1898.\\n\\nMr. Sewall to the Secretary of State. Subject.\\n\\nEnclosing copy of\"}","{\"text\":\"Resolutions and protests of the Executive Committees of the Hawaiian Patriotic League\\n\\nLegation of the United States. Honolulu, H. I. August 6th 1898. Honorable W. R. Day, Secretary of State, Washington. D.C.\"}","{\"text\":\"Sir:-\\nI have the honor to enclose copy of Resolution and protest of the Executive Committee of the Hawaiian Patriotic League, [?] the Womens branch and the Hawaiian Political Association. I have the honor to be,\\nSir. Your obedient Servant, _____\"}","{\"text\":\"RESOLUTIONS. WHEREAS: On the 17th day of January, A. D. 1893, our beloved Queen LILIUOKALANI noted a protest against the acts or the representatives of the United States of America, in form as follows:\\nI, LILIUOKALANI, by the grace of God and\"}","{\"text\":\"under the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a\"}","{\"text\":\"provisional government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force or the United States or America, whose minister plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared\"}","{\"text\":\"that he would support the said provisional government.\\nHow to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the\"}","{\"text\":\"United States shall upon the facts being presorted to it undo the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Kingdom; and\\n\\nWHEREAS: Grover Cleveland, President\"}","{\"text\":\"of the United States, after a careful review of the facts, stated in a message to\\n\\n(2) Congress, dated the 18th day of December, 1893, as follows:\\n\\nAs I apprehend the situation, we are brought face to face\"}","{\"text\":\"with the following conditional The lawful Government of Hawaii was overthrown without the drawing of a sword or the firing of a shot by a process every step of which, it nay safely be assarted, is directly traceable to and dependent for its success upon the\"}","{\"text\":\"agency of the United States active through its diplomatic and naval representatives; and\\n\\nWHEREAS: the so-called Republic of Hawaii by its Executive; and Senate formulated a treaty to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States,\"}","{\"text\":\"and said treaty having failed of ratification by the Senate of the United States, and by such failure to ratify having become void and of no effect\\nas to Hawaii, because of the terms of Article 32 of tie Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii, which reads:\"}","{\"text\":\"the President, with the approval of the Cabinet, is hereby ex- pressly authorized and empowered to make a Treaty of Political or Commercial union between the Republic of Hawaii and the United States of America, subject to the ratification of the senate and\"}","{\"text\":\"WHEREAS: The Senate and House of Representatives of the United States have passed a Joint resolution, for the annexa-tion of the Hawaiian Islands, and such joint resolution has not been passed upon by the People of Hawaii nor by their Representatives in\"}","{\"text\":\"Legislature assembled; and\\n\\nWHEREAS: By memorial the people of Hawaii have protested\\n\\n(3)against the con[?]ation of an Invasion of their political rights, and have fervently appealed to the\"}","{\"text\":\"President, the Congress and the people of the United States to refrain from further participating in the wrongful annexation of Hawaii:\\nand\\nWHEREAS: The Declaration of American Independence\"}","{\"text\":\"expresses that Governments derive their Just powers from the consent of the governed; Therefore, Be it\\n\\nRESOLVED: That as the representatives of a large and influential body of native Hawaiians, we solemnly protest against\"}","{\"text\":\"annexation in the manner proposed and without reference to or obtaining the consent of the people of the Hawaiian Islands;\\nRESOLVED: That a copy of these resolutions with an English translation be forwarded to Sanford B. Dole, President of\"}","{\"text\":\"the Republic of Hawaii, and to the Agents representing William McKinley, President of the United States, at Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.\\n \"}","{\"text\":\"No. 196. Legation of the United States, Honolulu, H. I. August 8th, 1898.\\n\\nMr. Sewall to the Secretary of State. Subject. Arrangement of formalities of transfer.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"FOR MORE INFORMATION\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\ncall, write, fax or e-mail to:\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Collection\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nHamilton Library\\nUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa\\n2550 McCarthy Mall\\nHonolulu, HI 96822\\nPhone: (808) 956-8264\\nFax: (808) 956-5968\\nE-mail: hawnpac@hawaii.edu\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"To view a PDF that includes this text and the enclosed \\\"copy of Resolutions and protests of the Executive Committees of the Hawaiian Patriotic League\\\", see\\n\\nhttp://libweb.hawaii.edu\\n/digicoll/annexation\\n/protest/liliu10.php\"}"],title:"HPL to US Aug 1898",author:"Hawaiian Patriotic League",display:{Lore:["Resolution and Protests of the ","Executive Committees of the ","Hawaiian Patriotic League","Hui Kalaaina, Hui Aloha Aina Kane ","and Hui Aloha Aina Wahine, ","1898 to U.S. Secretary of State"]}}
85
JeruvielHK.USOC.2018.04.02neaToday Hawaiian Kingdom 1of3Keanu Sai Ph.D.
http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"neaToday\",\"italic\":true,\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/\"}},{\"text\":\" (4.2.2018)\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nBy \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Keanu Sai Ph.D.\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n[complete original at\\n\"},{\"text\":\"neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Status of the Hawaiian Kingdom under International Law\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nIn 2001, the Permanent Court of Arbitration\\u2019s arbitral tribunal, in \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", declared \\u201cin the nineteenth century the Hawaiian Kingdom existed as an\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"independent State recognized as such by the United States of America, the United Kingdom and various other States, including by exchanges of diplomatic or consular representatives and the conclusion of treaties.\\u201d The terms State and Country are synonymous.\"}","{\"text\":\"As an independent State, the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into extensive treaty relations with a variety of States es- tablishing diplomatic relations and trade agreements. The Hawaiian Kingdom entered into three treaties with the United States: 1849 Treaty of Friendship,\"}","{\"text\":\"Commerce and Navi- gation; 1875 Commercial Treaty of Reciprocity; and 1883 Convention Concern- ing the Exchange of Money Orders. In 1893 there were only 44 independent and sovereign States, which included the Hawaiian Kingdom, as compared to 197 today.\"}","{\"text\":\"On January 1, 1882, it joined the Universal Postal Union. Founded in 1874, the UPU was a forerunner of the United Nations as an organization of member States. Today the UPU is presently a specialized agency of the United Nations.\\n\\nBy 1893, the Hawaiian\"}","{\"text\":\"Kingdom maintained over ninety Legations and Consulates throughout the world. In the United States of America, the Hawaiian Kingdom manned a diplomatic post called a legation in Washington, D.C., which served in the same function as an embassy today, and consulates in the\"}","{\"text\":\"cities of New York, San Francisco, Philadelphia, San Diego, Boston, Portland, Port Townsend and Seattle. The United States manned a legation in Honolulu, and consulates in the cities of Honolulu, Hilo, Kahului and Mahukona.\\n\\n\\u201cTraditional\"}","{\"text\":\"international law was based upon a rigid distinction between the state of peace and the state of war (p. 45),\\u201d says Judge Greenwood in his article \\u201cScope of Application of Humanitarian Law\\u201d in The Handbook of the International Law of Military Occupations (2nd ed., 2008),\"}","{\"text\":\"\\u201cCountries were either in a state of peace or a state of war; there was no intermediate state (Id.).\\u201d This is also reflected by the fact that the renowned jurist of international law, Professor Lassa Oppenheim, separated his treatise on International Law into two volumes, Vol.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"I\\u2014Peace, and Vol. II\\u2014War and Neutrality.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Presidential Investigation of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Government\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nOn January 16, 1893, United States troops invaded the Hawaiian Kingdom without just cause, which led to a\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"conditional surrender by the Hawaiian Kingdom\\u2019s executive monarch, Her Majesty Queen Lili\\u2018uokalani, the following day. Her conditional surrender read:\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"\\u201cI, Liliuokalani, by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom,\",\"italic\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a provisional government of and for this Kingdom.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose minister plenipoten- tiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said provisional government.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its\",\"italic\":true}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.\\u201d\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"[SEE IMAGE captioned \\\"Executive Council of the Provisional Government (Bishop Museum)\\\"]\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/comm_pubsafety-e1525706631699.gif\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to see navigate to image from article on your web browser\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n \"}]","{\"text\":\"In response to the Queen\\u2019s conditional surrender of her authority, President Grover Cleveland initiated an investigation on March 11, 1893, with the appointment of Special Commissioner James Blount whose duty was to \\u201cinvestigate and fully report to the\"}","{\"text\":\"President all the facts [he] can learn respecting the condition of affairs in the Hawaiian Islands, the causes of the revolution by which the Queen’s Govern- ment was overthrown, the sentiment of the people toward existing authority, and, in general, all that can\"}","{\"text\":\"fully enlighten the President touching the subjects of [his] mission (p. 1185).\\u201d After arriving in the Hawaiian Islands, he began his investigation on April 1, and by July 17, the fact-finding investigation was complete with a final report. Secretary of State Walter Gresham\"}","{\"text\":\"was receiving periodic reports from Special Commissioner Blount and was preparing a final report to the President.\\n\\nOn October 18, 1893, Secretary of State Gresham reported to the President, the \\u201cProvisional Government was\"}","{\"text\":\"established by the action of the American minister and the presence of the troops landed from the Boston, and its continued existence is due to the belief of the Hawaiians that if they made an effort to overthrow it, they would encounter the armed forces of the United States.\\u201d He\"}","{\"text\":\"further stated that the Government of Hawaii surrendered its authority under a threat of war, until such time only as the Government of the United States, upon the facts being presented to it, should reinstate the constitutional sovereign, and the Provisional\"}","{\"text\":\"Government was created \\u2018to exist until terms of union with the United States of America have been negotiated and agreed upon (p. 462).\\u2019\\u201d Gresham then concluded, \\u201cShould not the great wrong done to a feeble but independent State by an abuse of the authority of the United\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"States be undone by restoring the legitimate government? Anything short of that will not, I respectfully submit, satisfy the demands of justice (p. 463).’’\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Investigation Concludes United States Committed Acts of War against the Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"One month later, on December 18, 1893, the President proclaimed by manifesto, in a message to the United States Congress, the circumstances for committing acts of war against the Hawaiian Kingdom that transformed a state of peace to a state of war on January 16,\"}","{\"text\":\"1893. Black\\u2019s Law Dictionary defines a war manifesto as a \\u201cformal declaration, promulgated\\u2026by the executive authority of a state or nation, proclaiming its reasons and motives for\\u2026war.\\u201d And according to Professor Oppenheim in his seminal publication,\"}","{\"text\":\"International Law, vol. 2 (1906), a \\u201cwar manifesto may\\u2026follow\\u2026the actual commencement of war through a hostile act of force (p. 104).\\u201d\\n\\nAddressing the unauthorized landing of United States troops in the capital city of the Hawaiian\"}","{\"text\":\"Kingdom, President Cleveland stated, \\u201con the 16th day of Jan- uary, 1893, between four and five o\\u2019clock in the afternoon, a detachment of marin- es from the United States steamer Bost- on, with two pieces of artillery, landed at Honolulu. The men, upwards of 160 in all, were supplied with\"}","{\"text\":\"double cartridge belts filled with ammu- nition and with haver- sacks and canteens, and were accompanied by a hospital corps with stretchers and medical supplies (p. 451).\\u201d\\n\\nPresident Cleveland ascertained that this military demonstration upon the soil of\"}","{\"text\":\"Honolulu was of itself an act of war, unless made either with the consent of the Government of Hawaii or for the bona fide purpose of protecting the imperiled lives and property of citizens of the United States. But there is no pretense of any such consent on the part\"}","{\"text\":\"of the Government of the Queen, which at that time was undisputed and was both the de facto and the de jure government. In point of fact the existing government instead of requesting the presence of an armed force protested against it (p. 451).\\u201d He\"}","{\"text\":\"then stated, \\u201ca candid and thorough examination of the facts will force the conviction that the provisional government owes its existence to an armed invasion by the United States (p. 454).\\u201d\\n\\n\\u201cWar begins,\\u201d says Professor Wright in his\"}","{\"text\":\"article \\u201cChanges in the Conception of War,\\u201d American Journal of International Law, vol. 18 (1924), \\u201cwhen any state of the world manifests its intention to make war by some overt act, which may take the form of an act of war (p. 758).\\u201d According to Professor Hall in his\"}","{\"text\":\"book International Law (4th ed., 1895), the \\u201cdate of the commencement of a war can be perfectly defined by the first act of hostility (p. 391).\\u201d\\n\\nThe President also determined that when \\u201cour Minister recognized the\"}","{\"text\":\"provisional government the only basis upon which it rested was the fact that the Committee of Safety had in the manner above stated declared it to exist. It was neither a government de facto nor de jure (p. 453).\\u201d He unequivocally referred to members of the so-called\"}","{\"text\":\"Provisional Government as insurgents, whereby he stated, and \\u201cif the Queen could have dealt with the insurgents alone her course would have been plain and the result unmistakable. But the United States had allied itself with her enemies, had recognized them as\"}","{\"text\":\"the true Government of Hawaii, and had put her and her adherents in the position of opposition against lawful authority. She knew that she could not withstand the power of the United States, but she believed that she might safely trust to its justice.\\u201d He then\"}","{\"text\":\"concluded that by \\u201can act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress, the Government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has been overthrown (p. 453).\\u201d\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[SEE IMAGE captioned \\\"In August 1898, the Hawaiian flag was lowered from Iolani Palace and replaced by the flag of the United States of America.\\\"\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-07-at-8.31.51-AM-e1525707410865.png\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to image in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"]\\n\\n\\u201cAct of hostility unless it be done in the urgency of self-preservation or\"}]","{\"text\":\"by way of reprisals,\\u201d according to Hall, \\u201cis in itself a full declar- ation of intent [to wage war] (p. 391).\\u201d According to Profes- sor Wright in his article \\u201cWhen does War Exist,\\u201d American Journal of Interna- tional Law, vol. 26(2) (1932), \\u201cthe moment legal war begins… statutes of limitation\"}","{\"text\":\"cease to operate (p. 363).\\u201d He also states that war \\u201cin the legal sense means a period of time during which the extraordinary laws of war and neutrality have superseded the normal law of peace in the relations of states (Id.).\\n\\nUnbeknownst to the\"}","{\"text\":\"President at the time he delivered his message to the Congress, a settlement, through executive mediation, was reached between the Queen and United States Minister Albert Willis in Honolulu. The agreement of restoration, however, was never implemented.\"}","{\"text\":\"Nevertheless, President Cleveland\\u2019s manifesto was a political determination under international law of the existence of a state of war, of which there is no treaty of peace. More importantly, the President\\u2019s manifesto is paramount and serves as actual notice to all States of\"}","{\"text\":\"the conduct and course of action of the United States. These actions led to the unlawful overthrow of the government of an independent and sovereign State. When the United States commits acts of hostilities, the President, says Associate Justice\"}","{\"text\":\"Sutherland in his book Constitutional Power and World Affairs (1919), \\u201cpossesses sole authority, and is charged with sole responsibility, and Congress is excluded from any direct interference (p. 75).\\u201d\\n\\nAccording to Representative\"}","{\"text\":\"Marshall, before later became Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, in his speech in the House of Representatives in 1800, the \\u201cpresident is the sole organ of the nation in its external relations, and its sole representative with foreign nations. Of consequence, the\"}","{\"text\":\"demand of a foreign nation can only be made of him (Annals of Congress, vol. 10, p. 613).\\u201d Professor Wright in his book The Control of American Foreign Relations (1922), goes further and explains that foreign States \\u201chave accepted the President\\u2019s\"}","{\"text\":\"interpretation of the responsibilities [under international law] as the voice of the nation and the United States has acquiesced (p. 25).\\u201d\\n\\nDespite the unprecedented prolonged nature of the illegal occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom\"}","{\"text\":\"by the United States, the Hawaiian State, as a subject of international law, is afforded all the protection that international law provides. \\u201cBelligerent occupation,\\u201d concludes Judge Crawford in his book The Creation of States in International Law (2nd ed., 2006),\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u201cdoes not affect the continuity of the State, even where there exists no government claiming to represent the occupied State (p. 34).\\u201d Without a treaty of peace, the laws of war and neutrality would continue to apply.\\n\\n[Source: \"},{\"text\":\"neatoday.org\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK.USOC.2018.04.02",author:"Keanu Sai Ph.D. & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["\"The Illegal Overthrow of the","Hawaiian Kingdom Government\" ","by Dr. Keanu Sai","Part 1 of 3 part series in neaToday","April 2nd, 2018","[Minecraft book by Jeruviel]"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"neaToday\",\"italic\":true,\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/\"}},{\"text\":\" (4.2.2018)\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nBy \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Chris Santomauro\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/chris-santomauro/\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n[complete original at\\n\"},{\"text\":\"neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Status of the Hawaiian Kingdom under International Law\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nIn 2001, the Permanent Court of Arbitration\\u2019s arbitral tribunal, in \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", declared \\u201cin the nineteenth century the Hawaiian Kingdom existed as an\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"independent State recognized as such by the United States of America, the United Kingdom and various other States, including by exchanges of diplomatic or consular representatives and the conclusion of treaties.\\u201d The terms State and Country are synonymous.\"}","{\"text\":\"As an independent State, the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into extensive treaty relations with a variety of States establishing diplomatic relations and trade agreements. The Hawaiian Kingdom entered into three treaties with the United States: 1849 Treaty of Friendship, Commerce\"}","{\"text\":\"and Navigation; 1875 Commercial Treaty of Reciprocity; and 1883 Convention Concerning the Exchange of Money Orders. In 1893 there were only 44 independent and sovereign States, which included the Hawaiian Kingdom, as compared to 197 today.\"}","{\"text\":\"On January 1, 1882, it joined the Universal Postal Union. Founded in 1874, the UPU was a forerunner of the United Nations as an organization of member States. Today the UPU is presently a specialized agency of the United Nations.\\n\\nBy 1893, the Hawaiian\"}","{\"text\":\"Kingdom maintained over ninety Legations and Consulates throughout the world. In the United States of America, the Hawaiian Kingdom manned a diplomatic post called a legation in Washington, D.C., which served in the same function as an embassy today, and consulates in the cities\"}","{\"text\":\"of New York, San Francisco, Philadelphia, San Diego, Boston, Portland, Port Townsend and Seattle. The United States manned a legation in Honolulu, and consulates in the cities of Honolulu, Hilo, Kahului and Mahukona.\\n\\n\\u201cTraditional\"}","{\"text\":\"international law was based upon a rigid distinction between the state of peace and the state of war (p. 45),\\u201d says Judge Greenwood in his article \\u201cScope of Application of Humanitarian Law\\u201d in The Handbook of the International Law of Military Occupations (2nd ed., 2008),\"}","{\"text\":\"\\u201cCountries were either in a state of peace or a state of war; there was no intermediate state (Id.).\\u201d This is also reflected by the fact that the renowned jurist of international law, Professor Lassa Oppenheim, separated his treatise on International Law into two volumes, Vol.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"I\\u2014Peace, and Vol. II\\u2014War and Neutrality.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Presidential Investigation of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Government\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nOn January 16, 1893, United States troops invaded the Hawaiian Kingdom without just cause, which led to a\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"conditional surrender by the Hawaiian Kingdom\\u2019s executive monarch, Her Majesty Queen Lili\\u2018uokalani, the following day. Her conditional surrender read:\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"\\u201cI, Liliuokalani, by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom,\",\"italic\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a provisional government of and for this Kingdom.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose minister plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said provisional government.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its\",\"italic\":true}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.\\u201d\\n\\n[see \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"original\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\" for \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"image\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/comm_pubsafety-e1525706631699.gif\"}},{\"text\":\" captioned \\\"\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"Executive Council of the Provisional Government (The Bishop Museum)\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"\\\"]\",\"italic\":true}]","{\"text\":\"In response to the Queen\\u2019s conditional surrender of her authority, President Grover Cleveland initiated an investigation on March 11, 1893, with the appointment of Special Commissioner James Blount whose duty was to \\u201cinvestigate and fully report to the\"}","{\"text\":\"President all the facts [he] can learn respecting the condition of affairs in the Hawaiian Islands, the causes of the revolution by which the Queen\\u2019s Government was overthrown, the sentiment of the people toward existing authority, and, in general, all that can\"}","{\"text\":\"fully enlighten the President touching the subjects of [his] mission (p. 1185).\\u201d After arriving in the Hawaiian Islands, he began his investigation on April 1, and by July 17, the fact-finding investigation was complete with a final report. Secretary of State Walter Gresham\"}","{\"text\":\"was receiving periodic reports from Special Commissioner Blount and was preparing a final report to the President.\\n\\nOn October 18, 1893, Secretary of State Gresham reported to the President, the \\u201cProvisional Government was\"}","{\"text\":\"established by the action of the American minister and the presence of the troops landed from the Boston, and its continued existence is due to the belief of the Hawaiians that if they made an effort to overthrow it, they would encounter the armed forces of the United States.\\u201d He\"}","{\"text\":\"further stated that the \\u201cGovernment of Hawaii surrendered its authority under a threat of war, until such time only as the Government of the United States, upon the facts being presented to it, should reinstate the constitutional sovereign, and the Provisional Government\"}","{\"text\":\"was created \\u2018to exist until terms of union with the United States of America have been negotiated and agreed upon (p. 462).\\u2019\\u201d Gresham then concluded, \\u201cShould not the great wrong done to a feeble but independent State by an abuse of the authority of the United\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"States be undone by restoring the legitimate government? Anything short of that will not, I respectfully submit, satisfy the demands of justice (p. 463).\\u201d\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Investigation Concludes United States Committed Acts of War against the Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"One month later, on December 18, 1893, the President proclaimed by manifesto, in a message to the United States Congress, the circumstances for committing acts of war against the Hawaiian Kingdom that transformed a state of peace to a state of war on January 16,\"}","{\"text\":\"1893. Black\\u2019s Law Dictionary defines a war manifesto as a \\u201cformal declaration, promulgated\\u2026by the executive authority of a state or nation, proclaiming its reasons and motives for\\u2026war.\\u201d And according to Professor Oppenheim in his seminal publication,\"}","{\"text\":\"International Law, vol. 2 (1906), a \\u201cwar manifesto may\\u2026follow\\u2026the actual commencement of war through a hostile act of force (p. 104).\\u201d\\n\\nAddressing the unauthorized landing of United States troops in the capital city of the Hawaiian\"}","{\"text\":\"Kingdom, President Cleveland stated, \\u201con the 16th day of January, 1893, between four and five o\\u2019clock in the afternoon, a detachment of marines from the United States steamer Boston, with two pieces of artillery, landed at Honolulu. The men, upwards of 160 in all, were supplied with\"}","{\"text\":\"double cartridge belts filled with ammunition and with haversacks and canteens, and were accompanied by a hospital corps with stretchers and medical supplies (p. 451).\\u201d\\n\\nPresident Cleveland ascertained that this \\u201cmilitary demonstration upon the soil of\"}","{\"text\":\"Honolulu was of itself an act of war, unless made either with the consent of the Government of Hawaii or for the bona fide purpose of protecting the imperiled lives and property of citizens of the United States. But there is no pretense of any such consent on the part\"}","{\"text\":\"of the Government of the Queen, which at that time was undisputed and was both the de facto and the de jure government. In point of fact the existing government instead of requesting the presence of an armed force protested against it (p. 451).\\u201d He\"}","{\"text\":\"then stated, \\u201ca candid and thorough examination of the facts will force the conviction that the provisional government owes its existence to an armed invasion by the United States (p. 454).\\u201d\\n\\n\\u201cWar begins,\\u201d says Professor Wright in his\"}","{\"text\":\"article \\u201cChanges in the Conception of War,\\u201d American Journal of International Law, vol. 18 (1924), \\u201cwhen any state of the world manifests its intention to make war by some overt act, which may take the form of an act of war (p. 758).\\u201d According to Professor Hall in his\"}","{\"text\":\"book International Law (4th ed., 1895), the \\u201cdate of the commencement of a war can be perfectly defined by the first act of hostility (p. 391).\\u201d\\n\\nThe President also determined that when \\u201cour Minister recognized the\"}","{\"text\":\"provisional government the only basis upon which it rested was the fact that the Committee of Safety had in the manner above stated declared it to exist. It was neither a government de facto nor de jure (p. 453).\\u201d He unequivocally referred to members of the so-called\"}","{\"text\":\"Provisional Government as insurgents, whereby he stated, and \\u201cif the Queen could have dealt with the insurgents alone her course would have been plain and the result unmistakable. But the United States had allied itself with her enemies, had recognized them as\"}","{\"text\":\"the true Government of Hawaii, and had put her and her adherents in the position of opposition against lawful authority. She knew that she could not withstand the power of the United States, but she believed that she might safely trust to its justice.\\u201d He then\"}","{\"text\":\"concluded that by \\u201can act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress, the Government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has been overthrown (p. 453).\\u201d\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[see \"},{\"text\":\"original\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\" for \"},{\"text\":\"image\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-07-at-8.31.51-AM-e1525707410865.png\"}},{\"text\":\" captioned \\\"In August 1898, the Hawaiian flag was lowered from Iolani Palace and replaced by the flag of the United States of America.\\\"]\\n\\n\\u201cAct of hostility unless it be done in the urgency of self-preservation or\"}]","{\"text\":\"by way of reprisals,\\u201d according to Hall, \\u201cis in itself a full declaration of intent [to wage war] (p. 391).\\u201d According to Professor Wright in his article \\u201cWhen does War Exist,\\u201d American Journal of International Law, vol. 26(2) (1932), \\u201cthe moment legal war begins\\u2026statutes of limitation cease to\"}","{\"text\":\"operate (p. 363).\\u201d He also states that war \\u201cin the legal sense means a period of time during which the extraordinary laws of war and neutrality have superseded the normal law of peace in the relations of states (Id.).\\n\\nUnbeknownst to the\"}","{\"text\":\"President at the time he delivered his message to the Congress, a settlement, through executive mediation, was reached between the Queen and United States Minister Albert Willis in Honolulu. The agreement of restoration, however, was never implemented.\"}","{\"text\":\"Nevertheless, President Cleveland\\u2019s manifesto was a political determination under international law of the existence of a state of war, of which there is no treaty of peace. More importantly, the President\\u2019s manifesto is paramount and serves as actual notice to all States of\"}","{\"text\":\"the conduct and course of action of the United States. These actions led to the unlawful overthrow of the government of an independent and sovereign State. When the United States commits acts of hostilities, the President, says Associate Justice\"}","{\"text\":\"Sutherland in his book Constitutional Power and World Affairs (1919), \\u201cpossesses sole authority, and is charged with sole responsibility, and Congress is excluded from any direct interference (p. 75).\\u201d\\n\\nAccording to Representative\"}","{\"text\":\"Marshall, before later became Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, in his speech in the House of Representatives in 1800, the \\u201cpresident is the sole organ of the nation in its external relations, and its sole representative with foreign nations. Of consequence, the\"}","{\"text\":\"demand of a foreign nation can only be made of him (Annals of Congress, vol. 10, p. 613).\\u201d Professor Wright in his book The Control of American Foreign Relations (1922), goes further and explains that foreign States \\u201chave accepted the President\\u2019s\"}","{\"text\":\"interpretation of the responsibilities [under international law] as the voice of the nation and the United States has acquiesced (p. 25).\\u201d\\n\\nDespite the unprecedented prolonged nature of the illegal occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom\"}","{\"text\":\"by the United States, the Hawaiian State, as a subject of international law, is afforded all the protection that international law provides. \\u201cBelligerent occupation,\\u201d concludes Judge Crawford in his book The Creation of States in International Law (2nd ed., 2006),\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u201cdoes not affect the continuity of the State, even where there exists no government claiming to represent the occupied State (p. 34).\\u201d Without a treaty of peace, the laws of war and neutrality would continue to apply.\\n\\n[Source: \"},{\"text\":\"neatoday.org\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"neaToday Hawaiian Kingdom 1 of 3",author:"Chris Santomauro",display:{Lore:["Santomauro, Chris. (2 April 2018). ","\"The Illegal Overthrow of the ","Hawaiian Kingdom Government\". ","neaToday. neatoday.org"]}}
86
JeruvielHK.USOC.2018.10.01neaToday Hawaiian Kingdom 2of3Keanu Sai Ph.D.
http://neatoday.org/2018/10/01/the-u-s-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"[Stardust LIB Call# HK.USOC.2018.10.01]\\n\"},{\"text\":\"neaToday\",\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to the main webpage of the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\" 2018.10.01\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The U.S. Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nBy \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Keanu Sai Ph.D.\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view other neaToday articles by Keanu Sai Ph.D.\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"IMAGE captioned\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/USS_Boston_landing_force_1893_PP-36-3-002.jpg\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to image in browser\"}},{\"text\":\" \\\"\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/USS_Boston_landing_force_1893_PP-36-3-002.jpg\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to image in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"U.S.S. Boston occupying Arlington Hotel grounds during overthrow of Queen Lili\\u2018uokalani in 1893. (Hawaii State Archives)\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/USS_Boston_landing_force_1893_PP-36-3-002.jpg\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to image in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"\\\"\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/USS_Boston_landing_force_1893_PP-36-3-002.jpg\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to image in browser\"}}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"In his message to the Congress on December 18, 1893, President Grover Cleveland acknowledged that the Hawaiian Kingdom was \"},{\"text\":\"unlawfully invaded by United States marines on January 16, 1893, which led to an illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian government the following day\",\"underlined\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to open link to article, \\\"The Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\".\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"The President told the Congress that he \\u201cinstructed Minister Willis to advise the Queen and her supporters of [his] desire to aid in the restoration of the status existing before the lawless landing of the United States forces at Honolulu on the 16th of January\"}","{\"text\":\"last, if such restoration could be effected upon terms providing for clemency as well as justice to all parties concerned (U.S House of Representatives, 53d Cong., Executive Documents on Affairs in Hawaii: 1894-95, p. 458).\\u201d\\n What the President\"}","{\"text\":\"didn\\u2019t know at the time he gave his message was that Minister Willis succeeded in securing an agreement with the Queen that committed the United States to restore her as the Executive Monarch, and, thereafter, the Queen committed to granting amnesty to the insurgents.\"}","{\"text\":\"International law recognizes this executive agreement as a treaty. The President, however, did not carry out his duty under the treaty to restore the Queen, and, consequently, the Queen did not grant amnesty to the insurgents. The state of war continued.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Insurgency Continues to Seek Annexation to the United States\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nPresident Cleveland acknowledged that those individuals who he sought the Queen\\u2019s consent to grant amnesty were not a government at all. In fact, he stated they\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"were \\u201cneither a government de facto nor de jure (p. 453).\\u201d Instead, the President referred to these individuals as \\u201cinsurgents (Id.),\\u201d which by definition are rebels who revolt against an established government. Under Chapter VI of the Hawaiian Penal Code a\"}","{\"text\":\"revolt against the government is treason, which carries the punishment of death and property of the convicted is seized by the Hawaiian government.\\n On July 3, 1894, the insurgents renamed themselves the Republic of Hawai\\u2018i and continued to seek\"}","{\"text\":\"annexation with the United States. Article 32 of its so-called constitution states, \\u201cThe President, with the approval of the Cabinet, is hereby expressly authorized and empowered to make a Treaty of Political or Commercial Union between the Republic of Hawaii and the\"}","{\"text\":\"United States of America, subject to the ratification of the Senate.\\u201d The insurgents always sought to be annexed by the United States.\\n After President William McKinley succeeded President Cleveland in office he entered into a treaty of annexation with the\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"insurgents on June 16, 1897, in Washington, D.C. The following day, Queen Lili\\u2018uokalani, who was also in Washington, submitted a formal protest with the State Department. Her protest stated:\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"\\u201cI, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, by the will of God named heir apparent\",\"italic\":true}]","{\"text\":\"on the tenth day of April, A.D. 1877, and by the grace of God Queen of the Hawaiian Islands on the seventeenth day of January, A.D. 1893, do hereby protest against the ratification of a certain treaty, which, so I am informed, has been signed at Washington by Messrs.\",\"italic\":true}","{\"text\":\"Hatch, Thurston, and Kinney, purporting to cede those Islands to the territory and dominion of the United States. I declare such a treaty to be an act of wrong toward the native and part-native people of Hawaii, an invasion of the rights of the ruling chiefs, in violation of\",\"italic\":true}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"international rights both toward my people and toward friendly nations with whom they have made treaties, the perpetuation of the fraud whereby the constitutional government was overthrown, and, finally, an act of gross injustice to me.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Additional protests were filed with the State Department by two Hawaiian political organizations\\u2014the Men and Women\\u2019s Hawaiian Patriotic League (Hui Aloha \\u2018Aina), and the Hawaiian Political Association (Hui Kalai\\u2018aina). President McKinley ignored these protests and\"}","{\"text\":\"was preparing to submit the so-called treaty for ratification by the Senate when the Congress would reconvene in December of 1897.\\n This prompted the Hawaiian Patriotic League to gather of 21,169 signatures from the Hawaiian citizenry and residents\"}","{\"text\":\"throughout the islands opposing annexation. On December 9, 1897, Senator George Hoar of Massachusetts entered the petition into the Senate record.\\n Under the Queen\\u2019s instructions, the delegates from the two Hawaiian political organizations who\"}","{\"text\":\"were in Washington began to meet with Senators who supported ratifying the so-called treaty. Sixty votes were necessary to accomplish ratification and there were already fifty-eight commitments. By the time the Hawaiian delegation left Washington on\"}","{\"text\":\"February 27, 1897, they had successfully chiseled the fifty-eight Senators in support of annexation down to forty-six.\\n Unable to garner the necessary sixty votes, the so-called treaty was dead by March, yet war with Spain was looming over the horizon, and Hawai`i\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"would have to face the belligerency of the United States once again. American military interest would be the driving forces to fortify the islands as an outpost to protect the United States from foreign invasion.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Annexation by Legislation\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"On April 25, 1897, one month after the treaty was killed, Congress declared war on Spain. The Spanish-American War was not waged in Spain, but rather in the Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico and Cuba in the Caribbean, and in the colonies of the Philippines and Guam in the Pacific. On\"}","{\"text\":\"May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in the Philippines.\\n Three days later in Washington, D.C., Congressman Francis Newlands submitted a joint resolution for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to House Committee on\"}","{\"text\":\"Foreign Affairs on May 4. On May 17, the joint resolution was reported out of the committee and headed to the floor of the House of Representatives.\\n On June 15, 1898, Congressman Thomas H. Ball from Texas emphatically stated, \\u201cThe\"}","{\"text\":\"annexation of Hawai\\u2018i by joint resolution is unconstitutional, unnecessary, and unwise. \\u2026Why, sir, the very presence of this measure here is the result of a deliberate attempt to do unlawfully that which can not be done lawfully (31 Cong. Rec. 5975).\\u201d\\n \"}","{\"text\":\" When the resolution reached the Senate, Senator Augustus Bacon from Georgia sarcastically remarked that, the \\u201cfriends of annex- ation, seeing that it was not possible to make this treaty in the manner pointed out by the Constitu- tion, attempted then to nullify the provision of\"}","{\"text\":\"in the Constitution by putting that treaty in the form of a statute, and here we have embodied the provisions of the treaty in the joint resolution which comes to us from the House (31 Cong. Rec. 6150).\\u201d Senator Bacon further explained, \\u201cThat a joint resolution for\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the annexation of foreign territory was necessarily and essentially the subject matter of a treaty, and that it could not be accomplished legally and constitutionally by a statute or joint resolution (31 Cong. Rec. 6148).\\u201d\\n\"},{\"text\":\"[IMAGE captioned \\\"\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/1920px-Liliuokalani_sitting_on_chair_draped_with_feather_cloak-e1540832918223.jpg\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to open image from article in web browser\"}},{\"text\":\" Queen Lili`uokalani\",\"italic\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/1920px-Liliuokalani_sitting_on_chair_draped_with_feather_cloak-e1540832918223.jpg\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to open image from article in web browser\"}},{\"text\":\"\\\"]\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/1920px-Liliuokalani_sitting_on_chair_draped_with_feather_cloak-e1540832918223.jpg\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to open image from article in web browser\"}}]","{\"text\":\" Despite the object- ions from Senators and Representatives, it managed to get a majority vote and President McKinley signed the joint resolution into law on July 7, 1898. The military buildup began in August of 1898 with the first army base in Waikiki called Camp\"}","{\"text\":\"McKinley. Today there are 118 military sites throughout the Hawaiian Islands and it serves as the headquarters for the United States Indo-Pacific Command.\\n Many government officials and constitutional scholars could not explain how a joint resolution\"}","{\"text\":\"could have the extra-territorial force and effect of a treaty in annexing Hawai\\u2018i, a foreign and sovereign state. During the 19th century, Born states, \\u201cAmerican courts, commentators, and other authorities understood international law as imposing strict\"}","{\"text\":\"territorial limits on national assertions of legislative jurisdiction (Gary Born, International Civil Litigation in United States Courts, p. 493).\\u201d\\n In 1824, the United Supreme Court explained that, \\u201cthe legislation of every country is territorial,\\\"\"}","{\"text\":\"and that the \\u201claws of no nation can justly extend beyond its own territory (Rose v. Himely, 8 U.S. 241, p. 279),\\u201d for it would be \\u201cat variance with the independence and sovereignty of foreign nations (The Apollon, 22 U.S. 362, p. 370).\\u201d\\n In violation of international law and\"}","{\"text\":\"the treaties with the Hawaiian Kingdom, the United States maintained the insurgents\\u2019 control until the Congress could reorganize the insurgency so that it would look like a government. On April 30, 1900, the U.S. Congress changed the name of the Republic\"}","{\"text\":\"of Hawai\\u2018i to the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i. Later, on March 18, 1959, the U.S. Congress, again by statute, changed the name of the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i to the State of Hawai\\u2018i.\\n In 1988, Acting Assistant United States Attorney General, Douglas W. Kmiec, drew\"}","{\"text\":\"attention to this American dilemma in a memorandum opinion written for the Legal Advisor for the Department of State regarding legal issues raised by the proposed Presidential proclamation to extend the territorial sea from a three-mile limit to twelve (Opinions of\"}","{\"text\":\"the Office of Legal Counsel, vol. 12, p. 238-263). After concluding that only the President and not the Congress possesses \\u201cthe constitutional authority to assert either sovereignty over an extended territorial sea or jurisdiction over it under\"}","{\"text\":\"international law on behalf of the United States (Id., p. 242),\\u201d Kmiec also concluded that it was \\u201cunclear which constitutional power Congress exercised when it acquired Hawaii by joint resolution. Accordingly, it is doubtful that the acquisition of Hawaii\"}","{\"text\":\"can serve as an appropriate precedent for a congressional assertion of sovereignty over an extended territorial sea (Id., p. 262).\\u201d\\n Kmiec cited United States constitutional scholar Westel Woodbury Willoughby, who wrote in 1929, \\u201cThe constitutionality\"}","{\"text\":\"of the annexation of Hawaii, by a simple legislative act, was strenuously contested at the time both in Congress and by the press. The right to annex by treaty was not denied, but it was denied that this might be done by a simple legislative act. \\u2026Only by means of treaties,\"}","{\"text\":\"it was asserted, can the relations between States be governed, for a legislative act is necessarily without extraterritorial force\\u2014confined in its operation to the territory of the State by whose legislature enacted it (Id., p. 252).\\u201d\\n In 1910, Willoughby\"}","{\"text\":\"wrote, \\u201cThe incorpor- ation of one soverei- gn State, such as was Hawaii prior to annex- ation, in the territory of another, is. . . essentially a matter falling within the dom- ain of international relations, and, therefore, beyond the reach of legislative acts (Willoughby, The\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Constitutional Law of the United States, vol. 1, p. 345).\\u201d\\n\"},{\"text\":\"United Nations Acknowledges the Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn a communication to the State of Hawai\\u2018i dated February 25, 2018 from Dr. Alfred M. deZayas, a United Nations Independent Expert,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"the UN official acknowledged the prolonged occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom. He wrote:\\n\\u201cAs a professor of international law, the former Secretary of the UN Human Rights Committee, co-author of book, The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008, and\"}","{\"text\":\"currently serving as the UN Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, I have come to understand that the lawful political status of the Hawaiian Islands is that of a sovereign nation-state that is under a strange form\"}","{\"text\":\" of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and a fraudulent annexation. As such, international laws (the Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that\"}","{\"text\":\"governance and legal matters within the occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of the laws of the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom), not the domestic laws of the occupier (the United States).\\u201d\\n A state of peace\"}","{\"text\":\"between the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States was transformed to a state of war when United States troops invaded the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 16, 1893, and illegally overthrew the Hawaiian government the following day. Only by way of a treaty of\"}","{\"text\":\"peace can the state of affairs be transformed back to a state of peace. The 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV, mentioned by the UN official regulate the occupying State during a state of war.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[This is part 2 of a 3 part series on the U.S. Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom by neaToday, also see\\n1: \\\"\"},{\"text\":\"On the Illegal Overthrow of Hawaiian Kingdom Government\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to open article \\\"The illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government\\\" in web browser\"}},{\"text\":\"\\\"\\n3: \\\"\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to open link to article \\\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\\"\\n& more Stardust LIB:\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Stardust Library & engage the AGILE Open Command Book\"}},{\"text\":\" ]\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK.USOC.2018.10.01",author:"Keanu Sai Ph.D. & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["\"The U.S. Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom’’","by Dr. Keanu Sai","Part 2 of 3 part series in neaToday","October 1st, 2018","[Minecraft book by Jeruviel]"]}}
87
JeruvielHK.USOC.2018.10.13.1o2neaToday Hawaiian Kingdom 3of3Keanu Sai Ph.D.
http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"neaToday \",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_red\"},{\"text\":\"2018.10.13\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click for external link to online web article\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nBy \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Keanu Sai Ph.D.\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate in browser to other works by Dr. Sai on neaToday\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"[Click here for image captioned\\n\\\"U.S. troops come ashore.\\\"]\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/invade.jpg\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nThe Hawaiian Kingdom\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"was a progressive constitutional monarchy since 1840 and it viewed education and health care as cornerstones for the country\\u2019s maintenance in the nineteenth century. By 1893, the Hawaiian Kingdom maintained a literacy rate that was nearly\"}","{\"text\":\"universal amongst the Hawaiian population. It also managed to successfully address the rapid decrease of the Hawaiian population from foreign diseases, such as small pox and measles, through universal health care under the 1859 Act to Provide Hospitals for\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the Relief of Hawaiians in the city of Honolulu and other Localities.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Universal Education in the Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nEducation was through the medium of the native language. On January 7, 1822, the first printing of an eight-page Hawaiian spelling book was done,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"and all \\u201cthe leading chiefs, including the king, now eagerly applied themselves to learn the arts of reading and writing, and soon began to the use them in business and correspondence (W.D. Alexander, A Brief History of the Hawaiian People (1892), p. 179).\\u201d\"}","{\"text\":\"By 1839, the success of the schools was at its highest point, and literacy was \\u201cestimated as greater than in any other country in the world, except Scotland and New England (Laura Judd, Honolulu (1880), p. 79).\\u201d\\n The Privy Council in 1840 established a\"}","{\"text\":\"system of universal education under the leadership of what came to be known as the Minister of Public Instruction. A Board of Education later replaced the office of the Minister in 1855 and named the department the Department of Public Instruction\\n \"}","{\"text\":\"This department was under the supervision of the Minister of the Interior.\\n The Monarch served on the Board as its President. The President and Board administered the educational system through school agents that were stationed in\"}","{\"text\":\"twenty-four school districts throughout the country. And in 1865 the office of Inspector General of schools was formed in order to improve the quality of the education being taught.\\n The Hawaiian Kingdom became the fifth country in the world\"}","{\"text\":\"to provide compulsory education for all youth in 1841, which predated compulsory education in the United States by seventy-seven years. The other four countries were Prussia in 1763, Denmark in 1814, Greece in 1834, and Spain in 1838.\\n Education was a\"}","{\"text\":\"hallowed word in the halls of the Hawaiian government, \\u201cand there is no official title more envied or respected in the islands than that of a member of the board of public instruction (Charles De Varigny, Fourteen Years in the Sandwich Islands, 1855-1868 (1981), p. 151.\\u201d\"}","{\"text\":\"De Varigny explains that this \\u201cis because there is no civic question more debated, or studied with greater concern, than that of education. In all the annals of the Hawaiian Legislature one can find not one example of the legislative houses\"}","{\"text\":\"refusing\\u2014or even reducing\\u2014an appropriation requested by the government for public education. It is as if this magic word alone seems to possess the prerogative of loosening the public purse strings (Id.).\\n After the invasion,\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the United States seized control of the entire governmental infrastructure,\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/01/the-u-s-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/\"}},{\"text\":\"through its insurgents calling themselves the Provisional government, on January 17, 1893. The insurgents renamed themselves the Republic of Hawai\\u2018i on July 3, 1894. On\"}]","{\"text\":\"April 30, 1900, the United States Congress renamed the insurgents as the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i by a congressional act. And on March 18, 1959, the U.S. Congress, again by congressional act, changed the name of the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i to the State of Hawai\\u2018i.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Americanization Throughout the School System\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn 1906, the intentional policy and methodical plan of Americanization began. This plan sought to obliterate the national consciousness of the Hawaiian Kingdom in the minds of the school\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"children throughout the islands. It was developed by the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i\\u2019s Department of Public Instruction and called \\u201cProgramme for Patriotic Exercises in the Public Schools.\\n The purpose of this policy was to have the children believe they\"}","{\"text\":\"were Americans. To do so required instruction of American history and only the English language could be spoken. If the children spoke the national language of Hawaiian, they were severely punished.\\n In 1907, Harper\\u2019s Weekly magazine\"}","{\"text\":\"covered this Americanization (William Inglis, Hawaii\\u2019s Lesson to Headstrong California, Harper\\u2019s Weekly, Feb. 16, 1907, p. 226-228). At the time, there were 154 public schools, with 435 teachers, and 58 private schools, with 261 teachers.\"}","{\"text\":\"Harper\\u2019s special correspondent, William Inglis, visited Ka\\u2018ahumanu and Ka\\u2018iulani grade schools. He also visited Honolulu High School, before the name was changed to President William McKinley High School in 1911.\\n While visiting Ka\\u2018iulani\"}","{\"text\":\"grade school, Inglis wrote, \\u201cOut upon the lawn marched the children, two by two, just as precise and orderly as you can find them at home. With the ease that comes of long practice the classes marched and counter marched until all were drawn up in a\"}","{\"text\":\"compact array facing a large American flag that was dancing in the northeast trade-wind forty feet above their heads (Id., p. 227).\\u201d\\n \\u201cThe little regiment stood fast, arms at sides, shoulders back, chests out, heads up, and every eye fixed upon the red, white,\"}","{\"text\":\"and blue emblem that waved protectingly over them. \\u2018Salute\\u2019 was the principal\\u2019s next command. Every right hand was raised, forefinger extended, and the six hundred fourteen fresh, childish voices chanted as one voice: \\u2018We give our heads and our\"}","{\"text\":\"hearts to God and our Country! One Country! One Language! One Flag!\\u2019 (Id.)\\u201d\\n Inglis stated, \\u201cThe drill is constantly held as a means of inculcating patriotism in the hearts of the children (Id., p. 228).\\u201d The word inculcate is defined as to fix\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"beliefs or ideas in someone\\u2019s mind, especially by repetition. Inculcate is synonymous with indoctrination, which is to persuade someone to accept an idea by repeating it and showing it to be true.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"[\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"CLICK FOR IMAGE\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Children_Salute_1907.jpg\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Denationalization\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"This type of policy instituted by the occupying State is called denationalization, which was codified by the Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of War and Enforcement of Penalties as a war crime in 1919. This particular war crime\"}","{\"text\":\"addressed the attempts to denationalize Serbs when Serbia was occupied during World War I by Austria, Bulgaria and Germany. In the 1947 Nuremburg trial of Ulrich Greifelt and Others, Nazis were prosecuted for attempting to\"}","{\"text\":\"denationalize Poles, Alsace-Lorrainers, and Slovenes through a policy of Germanization in occupied Poland during World War II.\\n Since this policy of denationalization began, it had become so pervasive and institutionalized throughout Hawai\\u2018i that\"}","{\"text\":\"the national consciousness of the Hawaiian Kingdom was nearly obliterated. It also had a devastating effect on the Hawaiian population that effectively made them strangers in their own country. If the children weren\\u2019t Americanized enough\"}","{\"text\":\"they were not allowed to attend high school and entered the work force after completing grade school. When Inglis compared the student populations between the grade schools and that of Honolulu High School, he wrote, \\u201cThe change in the color scheme\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"from that of the schools below was astounding. Below were all the hues of the human spectrum, with brown and yellow predominating; here the tone was clearly white (Inglis, p. 228).\\u201d\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Universal Health Care\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" in the Hawaiian Kingdom\\nAnother Hawaiian\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"institution that had a devastating effect on the health of the Hawaiian people was that of Queen\\u2019s Hospital. Queen\\u2019s Hospital was established in 1859 by King Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma under the 1859 Hospital Act. Its purpose was to\"}","{\"text\":\"provide universal health care at no cost for native Hawaiians. Under its charter the Monarch would serve as President of a Board of Trustees comprised of ten persons appointed by the government and ten persons elected by the corporation\\u2019s shareholders.\"}","{\"text\":\"The Hawaiian government appropriated funding for the maintenance of the hospital. \\u201cNative Hawaiians are admitted free of charge, while foreigners pay from seventy-five cents to two dollars a day, according to accommodations and\"}","{\"text\":\"attendance (Henry Witney, The Tourists\\u2019 Guide through the Hawaiian Islands Descriptive of Their Scenes and Scenery (1895), p. 21).\\u201d It wasn\\u2019t until the 1950\\u2019s and 1960\\u2019s that the Nordic countries followed what the Hawaiian Kingdom had\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"already done with universal health care.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"[CLICK FOR IMAGE captioned \\\"U.S. warship docked in Honolulu harbor.\\\"]\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-16-at-11.04.15-AM-e1542395781706.png\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Willful Damage to the Institution of Hawaiian Health Care\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn 1909, the government\\u2019s interest in Queen\\u2019s Hospital was\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"severed and native Hawaiians would no longer be admitted free of charge. The new Board of Trustees changed the 1859 charter where it stated, \\u201cfor the treatment of indigent sick and disabled Hawaiians\\u201d to \\u201cfor the treatment of sick and\"}","{\"text\":\"disabled persons.\\u201d Gradually native Hawaiians were denied health care unless they could pay. This led to a crisis of native Hawaiian health today. Queen\\u2019s Hospital, now called Queen\\u2019s Health Systems, currently exists on the islands of O\\u2018ahu, Molokai, and Hawai\\u2018i.\"}","{\"text\":\"A report by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs in 2017 stated, \\u201cToday, Native Hawaiians are perhaps the single racial group with the highest health risk in the State of Hawai\\u2018i. This risk stems from high economic and cultural stress, lifestyle and risk\"}","{\"text\":\"behaviors, and late or lack of access to health care (Native Hawaiian Health Fact Sheet 2017, p. 2).\\u201d Hawaiians should not have died due to \\u201clate or lack of health care\\u201d because Queen\\u2019s Hospital was an institution that provided health care at no cost.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Academic Research Unveils the Truth of the American Occupation\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nAs a result of diligent and thorough academic research that began in 2001, a more accurate portrayal of what transpired with the American invasion and occupation of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Kingdom began to unveil this painful truth. This caused American historian Tom Coffman to change the subtitle of his book from The Story of America\\u2019s Annexation of the Nation of Hawai\\u2018i to The History of the American Occupation of Hawai\\u2018i.\"}","{\"text\":\"He explained, \\u201cIn making this change, I have embraced the logical conclusion of my research into the events of 1893 to 1898 in Honolulu and Washington, D.C. I am prompted to take this step by a growing body of historical work by a new generation\"}","{\"text\":\"of Native Hawaiian scholars. Dr. Keanu Sai writes, \\u2018The challenge for\\u2026the fields of political science, history, and law is to distinguish between the rule of law and the politics of power.\\u2019 In the history of Hawai\\u2018i, the might of the United States does not make\"}","{\"text\":\"it right (Tom Coffman, Nation Within: The History of the American Occupation of Hawai\\u2018i (2016), p. xvi.\\n The failure of the United States to comply with the 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV, has had a devastating effect\"}","{\"text\":\"on the Hawaiian population. According to Amnesty International, war crimes are \\u201ccrimes that violate the laws or customs of war defined by the Geneva and Hague Conventions.\\n These international conventions were specifically cited by\"}","{\"text\":\"Dr. Alfred M. deZayas, a United Nations Independent Expert, in his letter to the State of Hawai\\u2018i dated February 28, 2018. The UN official wrote, \\u201cinternational laws (the Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the\"}","{\"text\":\"occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of the laws of the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom), not the domestic laws of the occupier (the United States).\\u201d He was referring to Article 43\"}","{\"text\":\"of the 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and Article 64 of the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV.\\n The Hawaiian Kingdom\\u2019s educational system and health care institutions are protected under the 1907 Hague Convention, IV. Article 56 states, \\u201cThe property of\"}","{\"text\":\"municipalities, that of institutions dedicated to religion, charity and education, the arts and sciences, even when State property, shall be treated as private property. All seizure of, destruction or willful damage done to institutions of this character, historic\"}","{\"text\":\"monuments, works of art and science, is forbidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings.\\n In his doctoral dissertation, Kauai writes, \\u201cFrom one of the most progressive independent states in the world to one of the most forgotten. If\"}","{\"text\":\"not for the US, where would Hawai\\u2018i rank among the countries of the world today in regard to health care, political rights, civil rights, economy, and the environment? In the 19th century Hawai\\u2018i was a global leader in many ways, even despite its size\\\"\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"(Willy Kauai, The Color of Nationality (doctoral dissertation, political science, University of Hawai\\u2018i (2014), p. 298).\\n\\n[See entire \"},{\"text\":\"neaToday\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\"series by \"},{\"text\":\"Dr. Keanu Sai\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view all neaToday article by Dr. Sai\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Part1\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part 2\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/01/the-u-s-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser \\\"The U.S. Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part3\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n& \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"current events\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://hawaiiankingdom.org/blog/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to visit HawaiianKingdom.org\\\"Weblog of the acting government of the Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK.USOC.2018.10.13.1o2",author:"Keanu Sai Ph.D. & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["\"The Impact of the U.S. ","Occupation on the Hawaiian People\" ","by Dr. Keanu Sai","Part 3 of 3 part series in neaToday","October 13th, 2018","[Minecraft book 1 of 2, by Jeruviel]"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"neaToday \",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_red\"},{\"text\":\"2018.10.13\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click for external link to online web article\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nBy \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Keanu Sai Ph.D.\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate in browser to other works by Dr. Sai on neaToday\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"[Click here for image captioned\\n\\\"U.S. troops come ashore.\\\"]\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/invade.jpg\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nThe Hawaiian Kingdom\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"was a progressive constitutional monarchy since 1840 and it viewed education and health care as cornerstones for the country\\u2019s maintenance in the nineteenth century. By 1893, the Hawaiian Kingdom maintained a literacy rate that was nearly\"}","{\"text\":\"universal amongst the Hawaiian population. It also managed to successfully address the rapid decrease of the Hawaiian population from foreign diseases, such as small pox and measles, through universal health care under the 1859 Act to Provide Hospitals for\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the Relief of Hawaiians in the city of Honolulu and other Localities.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Universal Education in the Hawaiian Kingdom\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nEducation was through the medium of the native language. On January 7, 1822, the first printing of an eight-page Hawaiian spelling book was done,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"and all \\u201cthe leading chiefs, including the king, now eagerly applied themselves to learn the arts of reading and writing, and soon began to the use them in business and correspondence (W.D. Alexander, A Brief History of the Hawaiian People (1892), p. 179).\\u201d\"}","{\"text\":\"By 1839, the success of the schools was at its highest point, and literacy was \\u201cestimated as greater than in any other country in the world, except Scotland and New England (Laura Judd, Honolulu (1880), p. 79).\\u201d\\n The Privy Council in 1840 established a\"}","{\"text\":\"system of universal education under the leadership of what came to be known as the Minister of Public Instruction. A Board of Education later replaced the office of the Minister in 1855 and named the department the Department of Public Instruction\\n \"}","{\"text\":\"This department was under the supervision of the Minister of the Interior.\\n The Monarch served on the Board as its President. The President and Board administered the educational system through school agents that were stationed in\"}","{\"text\":\"twenty-four school districts throughout the country. And in 1865 the office of Inspector General of schools was formed in order to improve the quality of the education being taught.\\n The Hawaiian Kingdom became the fifth country in the world\"}","{\"text\":\"to provide compulsory education for all youth in 1841, which predated compulsory education in the United States by seventy-seven years. The other four countries were Prussia in 1763, Denmark in 1814, Greece in 1834, and Spain in 1838.\\n Education was a\"}","{\"text\":\"hallowed word in the halls of the Hawaiian government, \\u201cand there is no official title more envied or respected in the islands than that of a member of the board of public instruction (Charles De Varigny, Fourteen Years in the Sandwich Islands, 1855-1868 (1981), p. 151.\\u201d\"}","{\"text\":\"De Varigny explains that this \\u201cis because there is no civic question more debated, or studied with greater concern, than that of education. In all the annals of the Hawaiian Legislature one can find not one example of the legislative houses\"}","{\"text\":\"refusing\\u2014or even reducing\\u2014an appropriation requested by the government for public education. It is as if this magic word alone seems to possess the prerogative of loosening the public purse strings (Id.).\\n After the invasion,\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"the United States seized control of the entire governmental infrastructure,\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/01/the-u-s-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/\"}},{\"text\":\"through its insurgents calling themselves the Provisional government, on January 17, 1893. The insurgents renamed themselves the Republic of Hawai\\u2018i on July 3, 1894. On\"}]","{\"text\":\"April 30, 1900, the United States Congress renamed the insurgents as the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i by a congressional act. And on March 18, 1959, the U.S. Congress, again by congressional act, changed the name of the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i to the State of Hawai\\u2018i.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Americanization Throughout the School System\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn 1906, the intentional policy and methodical plan of Americanization began. This plan sought to obliterate the national consciousness of the Hawaiian Kingdom in the minds of the school\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"children throughout the islands. It was developed by the Territory of Hawai\\u2018i\\u2019s Department of Public Instruction and called \\u201cProgramme for Patriotic Exercises in the Public Schools.\\n The purpose of this policy was to have the children believe they\"}","{\"text\":\"were Americans. To do so required instruction of American history and only the English language could be spoken. If the children spoke the national language of Hawaiian, they were severely punished.\\n In 1907, Harper\\u2019s Weekly magazine\"}","{\"text\":\"covered this Americanization (William Inglis, Hawaii\\u2019s Lesson to Headstrong California, Harper\\u2019s Weekly, Feb. 16, 1907, p. 226-228). At the time, there were 154 public schools, with 435 teachers, and 58 private schools, with 261 teachers.\"}","{\"text\":\"Harper\\u2019s special correspondent, William Inglis, visited Ka\\u2018ahumanu and Ka\\u2018iulani grade schools. He also visited Honolulu High School, before the name was changed to President William McKinley High School in 1911.\\n While visiting Ka\\u2018iulani\"}","{\"text\":\"grade school, Inglis wrote, \\u201cOut upon the lawn marched the children, two by two, just as precise and orderly as you can find them at home. With the ease that comes of long practice the classes marched and counter marched until all were drawn up in a\"}","{\"text\":\"compact array facing a large American flag that was dancing in the northeast trade-wind forty feet above their heads (Id., p. 227).\\u201d\\n \\u201cThe little regiment stood fast, arms at sides, shoulders back, chests out, heads up, and every eye fixed upon the red, white,\"}","{\"text\":\"and blue emblem that waved protectingly over them. \\u2018Salute\\u2019 was the principal\\u2019s next command. Every right hand was raised, forefinger extended, and the six hundred fourteen fresh, childish voices chanted as one voice: \\u2018We give our heads and our\"}","{\"text\":\"hearts to God and our Country! One Country! One Language! One Flag!\\u2019 (Id.)\\u201d\\n Inglis stated, \\u201cThe drill is constantly held as a means of inculcating patriotism in the hearts of the children (Id., p. 228).\\u201d The word inculcate is defined as to fix\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"beliefs or ideas in someone\\u2019s mind, especially by repetition. Inculcate is synonymous with indoctrination, which is to persuade someone to accept an idea by repeating it and showing it to be true.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"[\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"CLICK FOR IMAGE\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Children_Salute_1907.jpg\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Denationalization\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\"This type of policy instituted by the occupying State is called denationalization, which was codified by the Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of War and Enforcement of Penalties as a war crime in 1919. This particular war crime\"}","{\"text\":\"addressed the attempts to denationalize Serbs when Serbia was occupied during World War I by Austria, Bulgaria and Germany. In the 1947 Nuremburg trial of Ulrich Greifelt and Others, Nazis were prosecuted for attempting to\"}","{\"text\":\"denationalize Poles, Alsace-Lorrainers, and Slovenes through a policy of Germanization in occupied Poland during World War II.\\n Since this policy of denationalization began, it had become so pervasive and institutionalized throughout Hawai\\u2018i that\"}","{\"text\":\"the national consciousness of the Hawaiian Kingdom was nearly obliterated. It also had a devastating effect on the Hawaiian population that effectively made them strangers in their own country. If the children weren\\u2019t Americanized enough\"}","{\"text\":\"they were not allowed to attend high school and entered the work force after completing grade school. When Inglis compared the student populations between the grade schools and that of Honolulu High School, he wrote, \\u201cThe change in the color scheme\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"from that of the schools below was astounding. Below were all the hues of the human spectrum, with brown and yellow predominating; here the tone was clearly white (Inglis, p. 228).\\u201d\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Universal Health Care\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" in the Hawaiian Kingdom\\nAnother Hawaiian\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"institution that had a devastating effect on the health of the Hawaiian people was that of Queen\\u2019s Hospital. Queen\\u2019s Hospital was established in 1859 by King Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma under the 1859 Hospital Act. Its purpose was to\"}","{\"text\":\"provide universal health care at no cost for native Hawaiians. Under its charter the Monarch would serve as President of a Board of Trustees comprised of ten persons appointed by the government and ten persons elected by the corporation\\u2019s shareholders.\"}","{\"text\":\"The Hawaiian government appropriated funding for the maintenance of the hospital. \\u201cNative Hawaiians are admitted free of charge, while foreigners pay from seventy-five cents to two dollars a day, according to accommodations and\"}","{\"text\":\"attendance (Henry Witney, The Tourists\\u2019 Guide through the Hawaiian Islands Descriptive of Their Scenes and Scenery (1895), p. 21).\\u201d It wasn\\u2019t until the 1950\\u2019s and 1960\\u2019s that the Nordic countries followed what the Hawaiian Kingdom had\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"already done with universal health care.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"[CLICK FOR IMAGE captioned \\\"U.S. warship docked in Honolulu harbor.\\\"]\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-16-at-11.04.15-AM-e1542395781706.png\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Willful Damage to the Institution of Hawaiian Health Care\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIn 1909, the government\\u2019s interest in Queen\\u2019s Hospital was\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"severed and native Hawaiians would no longer be admitted free of charge. The new Board of Trustees changed the 1859 charter where it stated, \\u201cfor the treatment of indigent sick and disabled Hawaiians\\u201d to \\u201cfor the treatment of sick and\"}","{\"text\":\"disabled persons.\\u201d Gradually native Hawaiians were denied health care unless they could pay. This led to a crisis of native Hawaiian health today. Queen\\u2019s Hospital, now called Queen\\u2019s Health Systems, currently exists on the islands of O\\u2018ahu, Molokai, and Hawai\\u2018i.\"}","{\"text\":\"A report by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs in 2017 stated, \\u201cToday, Native Hawaiians are perhaps the single racial group with the highest health risk in the State of Hawai\\u2018i. This risk stems from high economic and cultural stress, lifestyle and risk\"}","{\"text\":\"behaviors, and late or lack of access to health care (Native Hawaiian Health Fact Sheet 2017, p. 2).\\u201d Hawaiians should not have died due to \\u201clate or lack of health care\\u201d because Queen\\u2019s Hospital was an institution that provided health care at no cost.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Academic Research Unveils the Truth of the American Occupation\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nAs a result of diligent and thorough academic research that began in 2001, a more accurate portrayal of what transpired with the American invasion and occupation of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Kingdom began to unveil this painful truth. This caused American historian Tom Coffman to change the subtitle of his book from The Story of America\\u2019s Annexation of the Nation of Hawai\\u2018i to The History of the American Occupation of Hawai\\u2018i.\"}","{\"text\":\"He explained, \\u201cIn making this change, I have embraced the logical conclusion of my research into the events of 1893 to 1898 in Honolulu and Washington, D.C. I am prompted to take this step by a growing body of historical work by a new generation\"}","{\"text\":\"of Native Hawaiian scholars. Dr. Keanu Sai writes, \\u2018The challenge for\\u2026the fields of political science, history, and law is to distinguish between the rule of law and the politics of power.\\u2019 In the history of Hawai\\u2018i, the might of the United States does not make\"}","{\"text\":\"it right (Tom Coffman, Nation Within: The History of the American Occupation of Hawai\\u2018i (2016), p. xvi.\\n The failure of the United States to comply with the 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV, has had a devastating effect\"}","{\"text\":\"on the Hawaiian population. According to Amnesty International, war crimes are \\u201ccrimes that violate the laws or customs of war defined by the Geneva and Hague Conventions.\\n These international conventions were specifically cited by\"}","{\"text\":\"Dr. Alfred M. deZayas, a United Nations Independent Expert, in his letter to the State of Hawai\\u2018i dated February 28, 2018. The UN official wrote, \\u201cinternational laws (the Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the\"}","{\"text\":\"occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of the laws of the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom), not the domestic laws of the occupier (the United States).\\u201d He was referring to Article 43\"}","{\"text\":\"of the 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and Article 64 of the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV.\\n The Hawaiian Kingdom\\u2019s educational system and health care institutions are protected under the 1907 Hague Convention, IV. Article 56 states, \\u201cThe property of\"}","{\"text\":\"municipalities, that of institutions dedicated to religion, charity and education, the arts and sciences, even when State property, shall be treated as private property. All seizure of, destruction or willful damage done to institutions of this character, historic\"}","{\"text\":\"monuments, works of art and science, is forbidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings.\\n In his doctoral dissertation, Kauai writes, \\u201cFrom one of the most progressive independent states in the world to one of the most forgotten. If\"}","{\"text\":\"not for the US, where would Hawai\\u2018i rank among the countries of the world today in regard to health care, political rights, civil rights, economy, and the environment? In the 19th century Hawai\\u2018i was a global leader in many ways, even despite its size\\\"\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"(Willy Kauai, The Color of Nationality (doctoral dissertation, political science, University of Hawai\\u2018i (2014), p. 298).\\n\\n[See entire \"},{\"text\":\"neaToday\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\"series by \"},{\"text\":\"Dr. Keanu Sai\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view all neaToday article by Dr. Sai\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Part1\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part 2\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/01/the-u-s-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser \\\"The U.S. Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part3\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n& \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"current events\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://hawaiiankingdom.org/blog/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to visit HawaiianKingdom.org\\\"Weblog of the acting government of the Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HKUSOC.2018.10.13",author:"Keanu Sai Ph.D.",display:{Lore:["\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\" by Dr. Keanu Sai","Part 3 of 3 part series published in neaToday","October 13th, 2018"]}}
88
JeruvielHK.USOC.2018.10.13.2o2neaToday Hawaiian Kingdom 3of3Keanu Sai Ph.D.
http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"neaToday \",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_red\"},{\"text\":\"2018.10.13\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click for external link to online web article\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nBy \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Keanu Sai Ph.D.\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate in browser to other works by Dr. Sai on neaToday\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n[Text continued from part 1, this is MC book 2of2, see next page.]\"}]","{\"text\":\"monuments, works of art and science, is forbidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings.\\u201d\\n In his doctoral dissertation, Kauai writes, \\u201cFrom one of the most progressive independent states in the world to one of the most forgotten. If\"}","{\"text\":\"not for the US, where would Hawai\\u2018i rank among the countries of the world today in regard to health care, political rights, civil rights, economy, and the environment? In the 19th century Hawai\\u2018i was a global leader in many ways, even despite its size\\\"\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"(Willy Kauai, The Color of Nationality (doctoral dissertation, political science, University of Hawai\\u2018i (2014), p. 298).\\n[See entire \"},{\"text\":\"neaToday\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\"series by \"},{\"text\":\"Dr. Keanu Sai\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view all neaToday article by Dr. Sai\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Part1\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part 2\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/01/the-u-s-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser \\\"The U.S. Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part3\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n& \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"current events\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://hawaiiankingdom.org/blog/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to visit HawaiianKingdom.org\\\"Weblog of the acting government of the Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK.USOC.2018.10.13.2o2",author:"Keanu Sai Ph.D. & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["\"The Impact of the U.S. ","Occupation on the Hawaiian People\" ","by Dr. Keanu Sai","Part 3 of 3 part series in neaToday","October 13th, 2018","[Minecraft book 2 of 2, by Jeruviel]"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"neaToday \",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_red\"},{\"text\":\"2018.10.13\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click for external link to online web article\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nBy \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Keanu Sai Ph.D.\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate in browser to other works by Dr. Sai on neaToday\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n[Text continued from part 1, this is MC book 2of2, see next page.]\"}]","{\"text\":\"monuments, works of art and science, is forbidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings.\\u201d\\n In his doctoral dissertation, Kauai writes, \\u201cFrom one of the most progressive independent states in the world to one of the most forgotten. If\"}","{\"text\":\"not for the US, where would Hawai\\u2018i rank among the countries of the world today in regard to health care, political rights, civil rights, economy, and the environment? In the 19th century Hawai\\u2018i was a global leader in many ways, even despite its size\\\"\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"(Willy Kauai, The Color of Nationality (doctoral dissertation, political science, University of Hawai\\u2018i (2014), p. 298).\\n[See entire \"},{\"text\":\"neaToday\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\" \",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit neaToday, websiteof the National Education Association\"}},{\"text\":\"series by \"},{\"text\":\"Dr. Keanu Sai\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/authors/keanu-sai-ph-d/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view all neaToday article by Dr. Sai\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Part1\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/04/02/the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom-government/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part 2\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/01/the-u-s-occupation-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser \\\"The U.S. Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\";\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"dark_blue\"},{\"text\":\"Part3\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://neatoday.org/2018/10/13/us-occupation-of-hawaii/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view in browser, \\\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n& \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"current events\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://hawaiiankingdom.org/blog/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"click to visit HawaiianKingdom.org\\\"Weblog of the acting government of the Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.\\\"\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HKUSOC.2018.10.13.2o2",author:"Keanu Sai Ph.D. & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["\"The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People\" by Dr. Keanu Sai","Part 3 of 3 part series published in neaToday","October 13th, 2018"]}}
89
JeruvielHK.LAW.CON.1864.1o3Hawaiian Kingdom 1864 Constitution 1of3King Kamehameha V
https://hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to source material from which this Minecraft book was adapted, hawaiiankingdom.org\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to source material from which this Minecraft book was adapted, hawaiiankingdom.org\"}},{\"text\":\"Promulgated by His Majesty Kamehameha V., by the Grace of God, King of the Hawaiian Islands, on the Twentieth Day of August, A.D. 1864, with amendments by the Legislative Assembly.\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to source material from which this Minecraft book was adapted, hawaiiankingdom.org\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 1.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" God hath endowed all men with certain inalienable rights; among which are life, liberty, and the right of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and of pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 2.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" All men are\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"free to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences; but this sacred privilege hereby secured, shall not be so construed as to justify acts of licentiousness, or practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the Kingdom.\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 3.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" All men may freely speak, write, and publish their sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right, and no law shall be enacted to restrain the liberty of speech, or of the press, except such laws as\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"may be necessary for the protection of His Majesty the King and the Royal Family.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 4.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" All men shall have the right, in an orderly and peaceable manner, to assemble, without arms, to consult upon the common good, and to petition the King or\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Legislative Assembly for redress of grievances.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 5.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus belongs to all men, and shall not be suspended, unless by the King, when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"safety shall require its suspension.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 6.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No person shall be subject to punishment for any offense, except on due and legal conviction thereof, in a Court having jurisdiction of the case.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 7.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No person\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"shall be held to answer for any crime in which the right of trial by Jury has been heretofore used, it shall be held inviolable forever, except in actions of debt or assumpsit in which the amount claimed is less than Fifty Dollars.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 8.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No person shall be required to answer again for an offense, of which he has been duly convicted, or of which he has been duly acquitted upon a good and sufficient indictment.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 9. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"No person shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 10. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"No person shall sit as a judge or juror, in any\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"case in which his relative is interested, either as plaintiff or defendant, or in the issue of which the said judge or juror, may have, either directly or through a relative, any pecuniary interest.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 11.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Involuntary servitude, except for crime, is\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"forever prohibited in this Kingdom; whenever a slave shall enter Hawaiian Territory, he shall be free.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 12.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Every person has the right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his house, his papers, and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"effects; and no warrants shall issue, but on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 13.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King conducts His Government for the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"common good; and not for the profit, honor, or private interest of any one man, family, or class of men among His subjects.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 14.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Each member of society has a right to be protected by it, in the enjoyment of his life, liberty, and property,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"according to law; and, therefore, he shall be obliged to contribute his proportional share to the expense of this protection, and to give his personal services, or an equivalent when necessary; but no part of the property of any individual shall be taken from him, or\"}","{\"text\":\"applied to public uses, without his own consent, or the enactment of the Legislative Assembly, except the same shall be necessary for the military operation of the Kingdom in time of war or insurrection; and whenever the public exigencies may\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"require that the property of any individual should be appropriated to public uses, he shall receive a reasonable compensation therefor.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 15.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No subsidy, duty or tax of any description shall be established or levied, without the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"consent of the Legislative Assembly; nor shall any money be drawn from the Public Treasury without such consent, except when between the session of the Legislative Assembly the emergencies of war, invasion, rebellion, pestilence, or other\"}","{\"text\":\"public disaster shall arise, and then not without the concurrence of all the Cabinet, and of a majority of the whole Privy Council; and the Minister of Finance shall render a detailed account of such expenditure to the Legislative Assembly.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 16.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No Retrospective Laws shall ever be enacted.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 17.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Military shall always be subject to the laws of the land; and no soldier shall, in time of peace, by quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"in a manner to be prescribed by the Legislature.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 18.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Every Elector shall be privileged from arrest on election days during his attendance at election, and in going to and returning therefrom, except in cases of treason,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"felony, or breach of the peace.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 19.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No Elector shall be so obliged to perform military duty, on the day of election, as to prevent his voting; except in time of war, or public danger.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 20.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Supreme Power of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Kingdom in its exercise, is divided into the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial; these shall always be preserved distinct, and no Judge of a Court of Record shall ever be a member of the Legislative Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 21.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Government of this\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Kingdom is that of a Constitutional Monarchy, under His Majesty Kamehameha V, His Heirs and Successors.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 22.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Crown is hereby permanently confirmed to __________, and to the Heirs of His/Her body lawfully begotten,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"and to their lawful Descendants in a direct line; failing whom, the Crown shall descend to __________, and the heirs of his/her body, lawfully begotten, and their lawful descendants in a direct line. The Succession shall be to\"}","{\"text\":\"the senior male child, and to the heirs of his body; failing a male child, the succession shall be to the senior female child, and to the heirs of her body. In case there is no heir as above provided, then the successor shall be the person whom the\"}","{\"text\":\"Sovereign shall appoint with the consent of the Nobles, and publicly proclaim as such during the King's life; but should there be no such appointment and proclamation, and the Throne should become vacant, then the Cabinet Council,\"}","{\"text\":\"immediately after the occurring of such vacancy, shall cause a meeting of the Legislative Assembly, who shall elect by ballot some native Alii of the Kingdom as Successor to the Throne; and the Successor so elected shall become a new\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Stirps \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"for a Royal Family; and the succession from the Sovereign thus elected, shall be regulated by the same as the present Royal Family of Hawaii. (Affected by the death of Her Majesty Queen Lili'uokalani on November 17, 1917,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"who failed to receive confirmation from the Nobles of the Legislative Assembly for Her Majesty's nomination in accordance with this Article of the Constitution due to the civil unrest in the Country and the American occupation)\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 23.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" It shall not be lawful for any member of the Royal Family of Hawaii who may by Law succeed to the Throne, to contract Marriage without the consent of the Reigning Sovereign. Every Marriage so contracted shall be void, and the person\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"so contracting a Marriage, may, by the Proclamation of the Reigning Sovereign, be declared to have forfeited His or Her right to the Throne, and after such Proclamation, the Right of Succession shall vest in the next Heir as though such\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"offender were \"},{\"text\":\"Dead.\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 24.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" His Majesty Kamehameha V, will, and His Successors upon coming to the Throne, shall take the following oath: I solemnly swear in the presence of Almighty God, to maintain the Constitution of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Kingdom whole and inviolate, and to govern in conformity therewith.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 25.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No person shall ever sit upon the Throne, who has been convicted of any infamous crime, or who is insane, or an idiot.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 26.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King is the Commander-in-\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Chief of the Army and Navy, and of all other Military Forces of the Kingdom, by sea and land; and has full power by Himself, or by any officer or officers He may appoint, to train and govern such forces, as He may judge best for the defense and\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"safety of the Kingdom. But he shall never proclaim war without the consent of the Legislative Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 27.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, has the power to grant reprieves and pardons, after conviction, for all\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"offenses, except in cases of impeachment.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 28.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, convenes the Legislative Assembly at the seat of Government, or at a different place, if that should become dangerous from an\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"enemy or any dangerous disorder; and in case of disagreement between His Majesty and the Legislative Assembly, he adjourns, prorogues, or dissolves it, but not beyond the next ordinary Session; under any great\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"emergency, he may convene the Legislative Assembly to extraordinary Sessions.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 29.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King has the power to make Treaties. Treaties involving changes in the Tariff or in any law of the Kingdom shall be referred for\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"approval to the Legislative Assembly. The King appoints Public Ministers, who shall be commissioned, accredited, and instructed agreeably to the usage and law of Nations.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 30. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"It is the King's Prerogative to receive and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"acknowledge Public Ministers; to inform the Legislative Assembly by Royal Message, from time to time, of the state of the Kingdom, and to recommend to its consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 31.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The person of the King is inviolable and sacred. His Ministers are responsible. To the King belongs the Executive power. All laws that have passed the Legislative Assembly, shall require His Majesty's signature in order to their validity.\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 32.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Whenever, upon the decease of the Reigning Sovereign, the Heir shall be less than eighteen years of age, the Royal Power shall be exercised by a Regent or Council of Regency, as hereafter provided.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 33.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" It shall be lawful for the King\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"at any time when he may be about to absent himself from the Kingdom, to appoint a Regent or Council of Regency, who shall administer the Government in His name; and likewise the King may, by His last Will and Testament, appoint a Regent or\"}","{\"text\":\"Council of Regency to administer the Government during the minority of any Heir to the Throne: and should a Sovereign decease, leaving a Minor Heir, and having made no last Will and Testament, the Cabinet Council at the time of such decease shall be a\"}","{\"text\":\"Council of Regency, until the Legislative Assembly, which shall be called immediately, may be assembled, and the Legislative Assembly immediately that it is assembled shall proceed to choose by ballot, a Regent or Council of Regency, who shall\"}","{\"text\":\"administer the Government in the name of the King, and exercise all the Powers which are Constitutionally vested in the King, until he shall have attained the age of eighteen years, which age is declared to be the Legal Majority of such Sovereign.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 34.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King is Sovereign of all the Chiefs and of the People; the Kingdom is His.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 35.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" All Titles of Honor, Orders, and other distinctions, emanate from the King.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 36.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King coins money, and regulates the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"currency by law.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 37.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King, in case of invasion or rebellion, can place the whole Kingdom or any part of it under martial law\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 38.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The National Ensign shall not be changed, except by Act of the Legislature.\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 39.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King's private lands and other property are inviolable.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 40.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King cannot be sued or held to account in any Court or Tribunal of the Realm.\\n\\n[For Articles 41-80 see\\nMinecraft book 2 of 2 OR\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"hawaiiankingdom.org\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view Hawaiian Kingdom Constitution at hawaiiankingdom.org\"}},{\"text\":\"]\"}]"],title:"HK.LAW.CON.1864 1o3",author:"King Kamehameha V",display:{Lore:["Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom","1864 by King Kamehameha V","Part 1 of 3-3-Articles 1-40","Adapted from version accessed ","at hawaiiankingdom.org","by Jeruviel, November 17, 2018"]}}
90
JeruvielHK.LAW.CON.1864.2o3Hawaiian Kingdom 1864 Constitution 2of3King Kamehameha V
https://hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 41.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" There shall continue to be a Council of State, for advising the King in all matters for the good of the State, wherein He may require its advice, and for assisting him in administering the Executive affairs of the Government, in\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"such manner as he may direct; which Council shall be called the King's Privy Council of State, and the members thereof shall be appointed by the King, to hold office during His Majesty's pleasure.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 42. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The King's Cabinet shall consist \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of the Interior, the Minister of Finance, and the Attorney General of the Kingdom, and these shall shall be His Majesty's Special Advisers in the Executive affairs of the Kingdom; and they\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"shall be \"},{\"text\":\"ex officio\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Members of His Majesty's Privy Council of State. They shall be appointed and commissioned by the King, and hold office during His Majesty's pleasure, subject to impeachment. No act of the King shall have any effect unless it\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"be countersigned by a Minister, who by that signature makes himself responsible.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 43. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"Each member of the King's Cabinet shall keep an office at the seat of Government, and shall be accountable for the conduct of his deputies and clerks. The Ministry hold seats \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ex officio\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", as Nobles,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"in the Legislative Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 44.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Minister of Finance shall present to the Legislative Assembly in the name of the Government, on the first day of the meeting of the Legislature, the Financial Budget, in the Hawaiian and English\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"languages.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 45. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative power of the Three Estates of this Kingdom is vested in the King, and the Legislative Assembly; which Assembly shall consist of the Nobles appointed by the King, and of the Representatives of the People, sitting together.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 46. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative Body shall assemble biennially, in the month of April, and at such other time as the King may judge necessary, for the purpose of seeking the welfare of the Nation. This Body shall be styled the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 47.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Every member of the Legislative Assembly shall take the following oath: I most solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, that I will faithfully support the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and conscientiously and impartially discharge my duties\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"as a member of this Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 48.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislature has full power and authority to amend the Constitution as hereinafter provided; and from time to time to make all manner of wholesome laws, not repugnant to the provisions of the Constitution.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 49. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The King shall signify His approval of any Bill or Resolution, which shall have passed the Legislative Assembly, by signing the same previous to the final rising of the Legislature. But if he shall object to the passing of such Bill or Resolution, He will\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"return it to the Legislative Assembly, who shall enter the fact of such return on its journal, and such Bill or Resolution shall not be brought forward thereafter during the same session.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 50.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislative Assembly shall be the judge of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"the qualifications of its own members, and a majority shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as the Assembly may provide.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 51.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislative Assembly shall choose its own officers and determine the Rules of its own proceedings.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 52. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative Assembly shall have authority to punish by imprisonment, not exceeding thirty days, every person, not a member, who shall\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"be guilty of disrespect to the Assembly, by any disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence; or who, during the time of its sitting, shall publish any false report of its proceedings, or insulting comments upon the same; or who shall threaten harm to the body or estate of any\"}","{\"text\":\"of its members, for anything said or done in the Assembly; or who shall assault any of them therefor, or who shall assault or arrest any witness, or other person ordered to attend the Assembly, in his way going or returning; or who shall rescue any person arrested by order of the Assembly.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 53.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislative Assembly may punish its own members for disorderly behavior.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 54. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative Assembly shall keep a journal of its proceedings; and the yeas and nays of the members, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 55. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Members of the Legislative Assembly shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the Sessions of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Legislature, and in going to an returning from the same; and they shall not be held to answer for any speech or debate made in the Assembly, in any other Court or place whatsoever.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 56.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Representatives shall receive for their services,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"a compensation to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the public treasury, but no increase of compensation shall take effect during the year in which it shall have been made; and no law shall be passed, increasing the compensation of said Representatives beyond the sum of five\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\" hundred dollars for each session. (Amended by Act of 1882)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 57.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King appoints the Nobles, who shall hold their appointments during life, subject to the provisions of Article 53; but their number shall not exceed twenty.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 58. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"No person\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"shall be appointed a Noble who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years and resided in the Kingdom five years.\\nARTICLE 59. The Nobles shall be a Court, with full and sole authority to hear and determine all impeachments made by the Representatives, as the Grand Inquest of the Kingdom,\"}","{\"text\":\"against any officers of the Kingdom, for misconduct or maladministration in their offices; but previous to the trial of every impeachment the Nobles shall respectively be sworn, truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question, according to evidence and the law. Their\"}","{\"text\":\"judgment, however, shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold or enjoy any place of honor, trust, or profit, under this Government; but the party so convicted shall be, nevertheless, liable to indictment, trial, judgment and\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"punishment according to the laws of the land. No Minister shall sit as a Noble on the trial of any impeachment.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 60. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Representation of the People shall be based upon the principle of equality, and shall be regulated and apportioned by the Legislature according to the population, to\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"be ascertained by the Legislature according to the population, to be ascertained, from time to time, by the official census. The Representatives shall not be less in number than twenty-four, nor more than forty, who shall be elected biennially.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 61.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"following persons shall be eligible for representatives of the people, namely: Every male subject, or denizen of the Kingdom, who shall have arrived at the full age of twenty-five years, who shall know how to read and write; who shall understand accounts, and who shall have\"}","{\"text\":\"resided in the Kingdom for at least one year immediately preceding his election; provided always, that no person who is insane, or an idiot, or who shall at any time have been convicted of theft, bribery, perjury, forgery, embezzlement, polygamy, or other high crime or misdemeanor,\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"shall ever hold seat as Representative of the people.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 62.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Every male subject of the Kingdom, who shall have paid his taxes, who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom for one year immediately preceding the election and shall know how\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"to read and write, if born since the year 1840, and shall have caused his name to be entered on the list of voters of his district as provided by law, shall be entitled to one vote for the Representative or Representatives of that District. \"},{\"text\":\"Provided, however,\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" that no\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"insane or idiotic person, or any person who shall have been convicted or any infamous crime within this Kingdom, unless he shall been pardoned by the King, and by the terms of such pardon have been restored to all the rights of a subject, shall be allowed to vote. (Amen-\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ded by Act of 1874)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 63.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The property qualification of the Representative of the People may be changed by law. (Amended by Act of 1874).\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 64.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Judicial Power of the Kingdom shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Inferior Courts as the Legislature may, from time to time, establish.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 65.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice, and not less than two Associate Justices, any of whom may hold the Court. The Justices of the Supreme Court shall hold their offices\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"during good behavior, subject to removal upon impeachment, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. \"},{\"text\":\"Provided, however,\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" that any Judge of the Supreme\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Court or any other Court of Record may be removed from office, on a resolution passed by two-thirds of the Legislative Assembly, for good cause shown to the satisfaction of the King. The Judge against whom the Legislative Assembly may be about to proceed, shall\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"receive notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged for his removal, at least ten days before the day on which the Legislative Assembly shall act thereon. He shall be heard before the Legislative Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 66. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Judicial Power shall be\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"divided among the Supreme Court and the several Inferior Courts of the Kingdom, in such manner as the Legislature may, from time to time, prescribe, and the tenure of office in the Inferior Courts of the Kingdom shall be such as may be defined by the law creating them.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 67. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Judicial Power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under the Constitution and laws, of this Kingdom, and Treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority, to all cases affecting Public Ministers and Consuls, and to all cases of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Admiralty and Maritime jurisdiction.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 68. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be the Chancellor of the Kingdom; he shall be \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ex officio \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"President of the Nobles in all cases of impeachment, unless when impeached himself; and exercise such jurisdiction in equity\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"or other cases as the law may confer upon him; his decisions being subject, however, to the revision of the Supreme Court on appeal. Should the Chief Justice ever be impeached, some person specially commissioned by the King shall be President of the Court of Impeachment during\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"such trial.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 69.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The decisions of the Supreme Court, when made by a majority of the Justices thereof, shall be final and conclusive upon all parties.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 70. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The King, His Cabinet, and the Legislative Assembly, shall have authority to\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"require the opinions of the Justices of the Supreme Court, upon important questions of law, and upon solemn occasions.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 71.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King appoints the Justices of the Supreme Court, and all other Judges of Courts of Record; their salaries are fixed by law.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 72. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"No judge or Magistrate can sit alone  on an appeal or new trial, in any case on which he may have given a previous judgment.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 73.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No person shall ever hold any office of Honor, Trust, or Profit under the Government of the Hawaiian Islands, who\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"shall, in due course of law, have been convicted of Theft, Bribery, Perjury, Forgery, Embezzlement, or other high crime or misdemeanor, unless he shall have been pardoned by the King, and restored to his Civil Rights, and by the express terms of his pardon, declared to be\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"appointable to offices of Trust, Honor, and Profit.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 74.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No officer of this Government shall hold any office, or receive any salary from any other Government or Power whatever.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 75.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislature votes the Appropriations\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"biennially, after due consideration of the revenue and expenditure for the two preceding years, and the estimates of the revenue and expenditure of the two succeeding years, which shall be submitted to them by the Minister of Finance.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 76. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The enacting style in making and passing all Acts and Laws shall be, \\\"Be it enacted by the King, and the Legislative Assembly of the Hawaiian Islands, in the Legislature of the Kingdom assembled.\\\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 77.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" To avoid improper influences which may result from\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"intermixing in one and the same Act, such things as have no proper relation to each other, every law shall embrace but one object, and that shall be expressed in its title.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 78.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" All laws now in force in this Kingdom, shall continue and remain in full\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"effect, until altered or repealed by the Legislature; such parts only excepted as are repugnant to this Constitution. All laws heretofore enacted, or that may hereafter be enacted, which are contrary to this Constitution, shall be null and void.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[For \"},{\"text\":\"Articles 79 & 80 \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"see \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.CON.1864.3o3\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", for \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Article 1-40\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" see \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.CON.1864.1o3\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", in order to view the entire source document from which this Minecraft book was adapted by \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/member/agilexps/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view Jeruviel's Planet Minecraft profile\"}},{\"text\":\", see \"},{\"text\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Hawaiian KingdomConstitution in internet browser\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK.LAW.CON.1864 2o3",author:"King Kamehameha V",display:{Lore:["Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom","1864 by King Kamehameha V","Part 2 of 3, 3-Articles 41-79","Adapted from version accessed ","at hawaiiankingdom.org","by Jeruviel, November 17, 2018"]}}
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 41.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" There shall continue to be a Council of State, for advising the King in all matters for the good of the State, wherein He may require its advice, and for assisting him in administering the Executive affairs of the Government, in\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"such manner as he may direct; which Council shall be called the King's Privy Council of State, and the members thereof shall be appointed by the King, to hold office during His Majesty's pleasure.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 42. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The King's Cabinet shall consist \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of the Interior, the Minister of Finance, and the Attorney General of the Kingdom, and these shall shall be His Majesty's Special Advisers in the Executive affairs of the Kingdom; and they\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"shall be \"},{\"text\":\"ex officio\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Members of His Majesty's Privy Council of State. They shall be appointed and commissioned by the King, and hold office during His Majesty's pleasure, subject to impeachment. No act of the King shall have any effect unless it\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"be countersigned by a Minister, who by that signature makes himself responsible.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 43. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"Each member of the King's Cabinet shall keep an office at the seat of Government, and shall be accountable for the conduct of his deputies and clerks. The Ministry hold seats \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ex officio\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", as Nobles,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"in the Legislative Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 44.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Minister of Finance shall present to the Legislative Assembly in the name of the Government, on the first day of the meeting of the Legislature, the Financial Budget, in the Hawaiian and English\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"languages.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 45. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative power of the Three Estates of this Kingdom is vested in the King, and the Legislative Assembly; which Assembly shall consist of the Nobles appointed by the King, and of the Representatives of the People, sitting together.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 46. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative Body shall assemble biennially, in the month of April, and at such other time as the King may judge necessary, for the purpose of seeking the welfare of the Nation. This Body shall be styled the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 47.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Every member of the Legislative Assembly shall take the following oath: I most solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, that I will faithfully support the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and conscientiously and impartially discharge my duties\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"as a member of this Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 48.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislature has full power and authority to amend the Constitution as hereinafter provided; and from time to time to make all manner of wholesome laws, not repugnant to the provisions of the Constitution.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 49. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The King shall signify His approval of any Bill or Resolution, which shall have passed the Legislative Assembly, by signing the same previous to the final rising of the Legislature. But if he shall object to the passing of such Bill or Resolution, He will\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"return it to the Legislative Assembly, who shall enter the fact of such return on its journal, and such Bill or Resolution shall not be brought forward thereafter during the same session.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 50.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislative Assembly shall be the judge of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"the qualifications of its own members, and a majority shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as the Assembly may provide.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 51.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislative Assembly shall choose its own officers and determine the Rules of its own proceedings.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 52. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative Assembly shall have authority to punish by imprisonment, not exceeding thirty days, every person, not a member, who shall\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"be guilty of disrespect to the Assembly, by any disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence; or who, during the time of its sitting, shall publish any false report of its proceedings, or insulting comments upon the same; or who shall threaten harm to the body or estate of any\"}","{\"text\":\"of its members, for anything said or done in the Assembly; or who shall assault any of them therefor, or who shall assault or arrest any witness, or other person ordered to attend the Assembly, in his way going or returning; or who shall rescue any person arrested by order of the Assembly.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 53.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislative Assembly may punish its own members for disorderly behavior.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 54. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Legislative Assembly shall keep a journal of its proceedings; and the yeas and nays of the members, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 55. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Members of the Legislative Assembly shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the Sessions of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Legislature, and in going to an returning from the same; and they shall not be held to answer for any speech or debate made in the Assembly, in any other Court or place whatsoever.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 56.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Representatives shall receive for their services,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"a compensation to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the public treasury, but no increase of compensation shall take effect during the year in which it shall have been made; and no law shall be passed, increasing the compensation of said Representatives beyond the sum of five\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\" hundred dollars for each session. (Amended by Act of 1882)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 57.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King appoints the Nobles, who shall hold their appointments during life, subject to the provisions of Article 53; but their number shall not exceed twenty.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 58. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"No person\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"shall be appointed a Noble who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years and resided in the Kingdom five years.\\nARTICLE 59. The Nobles shall be a Court, with full and sole authority to hear and determine all impeachments made by the Representatives, as the Grand Inquest of the Kingdom,\"}","{\"text\":\"against any officers of the Kingdom, for misconduct or maladministration in their offices; but previous to the trial of every impeachment the Nobles shall respectively be sworn, truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question, according to evidence and the law. Their\"}","{\"text\":\"judgment, however, shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold or enjoy any place of honor, trust, or profit, under this Government; but the party so convicted shall be, nevertheless, liable to indictment, trial, judgment and\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"punishment according to the laws of the land. No Minister shall sit as a Noble on the trial of any impeachment.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 60. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Representation of the People shall be based upon the principle of equality, and shall be regulated and apportioned by the Legislature according to the population, to\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"be ascertained by the Legislature according to the population, to be ascertained, from time to time, by the official census. The Representatives shall not be less in number than twenty-four, nor more than forty, who shall be elected biennially.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 61.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"following persons shall be eligible for representatives of the people, namely: Every male subject, or denizen of the Kingdom, who shall have arrived at the full age of twenty-five years, who shall know how to read and write; who shall understand accounts, and who shall have\"}","{\"text\":\"resided in the Kingdom for at least one year immediately preceding his election; provided always, that no person who is insane, or an idiot, or who shall at any time have been convicted of theft, bribery, perjury, forgery, embezzlement, polygamy, or other high crime or misdemeanor,\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"shall ever hold seat as Representative of the people.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 62.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Every male subject of the Kingdom, who shall have paid his taxes, who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom for one year immediately preceding the election and shall know how\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"to read and write, if born since the year 1840, and shall have caused his name to be entered on the list of voters of his district as provided by law, shall be entitled to one vote for the Representative or Representatives of that District. \"},{\"text\":\"Provided, however,\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" that no\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"insane or idiotic person, or any person who shall have been convicted or any infamous crime within this Kingdom, unless he shall been pardoned by the King, and by the terms of such pardon have been restored to all the rights of a subject, shall be allowed to vote. (Amen-\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ded by Act of 1874)\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 63.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The property qualification of the Representative of the People may be changed by law. (Amended by Act of 1874).\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 64.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Judicial Power of the Kingdom shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Inferior Courts as the Legislature may, from time to time, establish.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 65.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice, and not less than two Associate Justices, any of whom may hold the Court. The Justices of the Supreme Court shall hold their offices\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"during good behavior, subject to removal upon impeachment, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. \"},{\"text\":\"Provided, however,\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" that any Judge of the Supreme\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Court or any other Court of Record may be removed from office, on a resolution passed by two-thirds of the Legislative Assembly, for good cause shown to the satisfaction of the King. The Judge against whom the Legislative Assembly may be about to proceed, shall\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"receive notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged for his removal, at least ten days before the day on which the Legislative Assembly shall act thereon. He shall be heard before the Legislative Assembly.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 66. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Judicial Power shall be\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"divided among the Supreme Court and the several Inferior Courts of the Kingdom, in such manner as the Legislature may, from time to time, prescribe, and the tenure of office in the Inferior Courts of the Kingdom shall be such as may be defined by the law creating them.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 67. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Judicial Power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under the Constitution and laws, of this Kingdom, and Treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority, to all cases affecting Public Ministers and Consuls, and to all cases of\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Admiralty and Maritime jurisdiction.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 68. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be the Chancellor of the Kingdom; he shall be \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ex officio \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"President of the Nobles in all cases of impeachment, unless when impeached himself; and exercise such jurisdiction in equity\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"or other cases as the law may confer upon him; his decisions being subject, however, to the revision of the Supreme Court on appeal. Should the Chief Justice ever be impeached, some person specially commissioned by the King shall be President of the Court of Impeachment during\\n     such trial.\\n \"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 69.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The decisions of the Supreme Court, when made by a majority of the Justices thereof, shall be final and conclusive upon all parties.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 70. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The King, His Cabinet, and the Legislative Assembly, shall have authority to require the opinions of the Justices of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Supreme Court, upon important questions of law, and upon solemn occasions.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 71.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The King appoints the Justices of the Supreme Court, and all other Judges of Courts of Record; their salaries are fixed by law.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 72. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"No judge or Magistrate can sit\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"alone  on an appeal or new trial, in any case on which he may have given a previous judgment.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 73.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No person shall ever hold any office of Honor, Trust, or Profit under the Government of the Hawaiian Islands, who shall, in due course of law, have been\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"convicted of Theft, Bribery, Perjury, Forgery, Embezzlement, or other high crime or misdemeanor, unless he shall have been pardoned by the King, and restored to his Civil Rights, and by the express terms of his pardon, declared to be appointable to offices of Trust, Honor, and\\n    Profit.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 74.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" No officer of this Government shall hold any office, or receive any salary from any other Government or Power whatever.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 75.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Legislature votes the Appropriations biennially, after due consideration of the revenue and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"expenditure for the two preceding years, and the estimates of the revenue and expenditure of the two succeeding years, which shall be submitted to them by the Minister of Finance.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 76. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The enacting style in making and passing all Acts and Laws shall be, \\\"Be\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"it enacted by the King, and the Legislative Assembly of the Hawaiian Islands, in the Legislature of the Kingdom assembled.\\\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 77.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" To avoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same Act, such things as have no proper relation to\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"each other, every law shall embrace but one object, and that shall be expressed in its title.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 78.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" All laws now in force in this Kingdom, shall continue and remain in full effect, until altered or repealed by the Legislature; such parts only excepted as are\\n   repugnant to this\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Constitution. All laws heretofore enacted, or that may hereafter be enacted, which are contrary to this Constitution, shall be null and void.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 79.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" This Constitution shall be in force from the Twentieth day of August in the year One Thousand Eight\\n  Hundred and Sixty-\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Four, but that there may be no failure of justice, or inconvenience to the Kingdom, from any change, all officers of this Kingdom, at the time this Constitution shall take effect, shall have, hold, and exercise all the power to them granted, until other persons shall be appointed in their\\n      stead.\"}","{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 80. Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Legislative Assembly, and if the same shall be agreed to by a majority of the members thereof, such proposed amendment or amendments shall\"}","{\"text\":\"be entered on its journal, with the yeas and nays taken thereon, and referred to the next Legislature; which proposed amendment or the next election of Representatives; and if in the next Legislature such proposed amendment or amendments shall be agreed to by two-thirds of all members of the Legislative Assembly, and be approved by the King, such amendment or amendments shall become part of the Constitution of this country.\"}"],title:"HK.LAW.CON.1864 2o3",author:"King Kamehameha V",display:{Lore:["Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom","1864 by King Kamehameha V","Part 1 of 23-Articles 41-79","Adapted from version accessed ","at hawaiiankingdom.org","by Jeruviel, November 17, 2018"]}}
91
JeruvielHK.LAW.CON.1864.3o3Hawaiian Kingdom 1864 Constitution 3of3King Kamehameha V
https://hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 79.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" This Constitution shall be in force from the Twentieth day of August in the year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Sixty-Four, but that there may be no failure of justice, or inconvenience to the Kingdom, from any change, all officers of this Kingdom, at the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"time this Constitution shall take effect, shall have, hold, and exercise all the power to them granted, until other persons shall be appointed in their stead.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"ARTICLE 80.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Legislative Assembly, and if the same shall be agreed to by a majority of the members thereof, such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on its journal, with the yeas and nays taken thereon, and referred to the next Legislature; which proposed amendment\"}","{\"text\":\"or the next election of Representatives; and if in the next Legislature such proposed amendment or amendments shall be agreed to by two-thirds of all members of the Legislative Assembly, and be approved by the King, such amendment or amendments shall\"}","{\"text\":\"become part of the Constitution of this country.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[For \"},{\"text\":\"Articles 1-40 \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"see \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.CON.1864.1o3\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", for \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Articles 41-18, \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"see \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.CON.1864.2o3\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\", in order to view the entire source document from which this Minecraft book was adapted by \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.planetminecraft.com/member/agilexps/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to view Jeruviel's Planet Minecraft profile\"}},{\"text\":\", see \"},{\"text\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/constitution.shtml\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Hawaiian KingdomConstitution in internet browser\"}},{\"text\":\"]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]"],title:"HK.LAW.CON.1864 3o3",author:"King Kamehameha V",display:{Lore:["Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom","1864 by King Kamehameha V","Part 3 of 3-Articles 79 & 80","Adapted from version accessed ","at hawaiiankingdom.org","by Jeruviel, November 17, 2018"]}}
92
JeruvielHK.LAW.ACT.1876.09.19Act for the Protection & Preservation of Woods & Forests
King Kalakaua [McCully, L. (1884). Compiled laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom (LLMC-digital (Series)). Honolulu: Printed at the Hawaiian Gazette Office. pp. 584-5]
https://hawaiiankingdom.org/civilcode/pdf/CL_Appendix.pdf
located act on pp584-5 thanks to Index at https://hawaiiankingdom.org/civilcode/pdf/CL_Index.pdf
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u201c\"},{\"text\":\"Statutes of 1876,\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Chap. XXX\\u201d\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nAN ACT FOR THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF WOODS AND FORESTS.\\n\\nWHEREAS, It is an est- ablished fact that the destruction of for- ests in any country tends to diminish the supply of water,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"therefore,\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Be it Enacted by the King and the Legislative Assembly of the Hawaiian Islands, in the Legislature of the Kingdom assembled :\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"SECTION 1. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"That the Minister of the Inter- ior is hereby author- ized to set apart and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"cause to be protected from damage by trespass of animals or otherwise, such woods and forest lands, the property of Government, as may in his opinion be best suited for the protection of water sources, and the supply of timber and fruit trees, cabinet\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"woods and valuable shrubbery.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"SECTION 2.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" For the purposes contemplated in this Act, the Minister of the Interior is hereby authorized to appoint some competent person as superintendent of woods and forests, who shall, under the direction of the said\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Minister, enforce such rules and regulations as may be established to protect and preserve such re served woods and forest lands from trespass. \\\"Said superintendent shall have charge of the construction of all fences and barriers required to protect\"}","{\"text\":\"the said woods and forest lands, and shall be responsible for their being kept in good condition. He shall, under the direction of the said Minister, be empowered to cause the arrest of any trespassers on such lands, and all constabulary or police of the districts in\"}","{\"text\":\"which such woods and lands may be situated, are hereby required to assist the said superintendent in carrying out the directions of the said Minister in the premises.\\nAnd it is hereby made an offense punishable by a fine not to exceed one hundred\"}","{\"text\":\"dollars, or imprisonment at hard labor not to exceed one year, upon conviction before any police or district justice, of any person who shall violate any of the rules or regulations established as aforesaid tabuing such woods and forest lands.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"SECTION 3.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Minister of the Interior is hereby authorized to secure from the Commissioners of Crown Lands, by lease or otherwise, such woods and lands being the property of the Crown, as may be suitable for carrying out the purposes set forth in this Act.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"SECTION 4. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"Whenever it shall be necessary to extinguish any private right or title in any woods or lands required to fully carry out the intention of this Act, the fair valuation of the same shall be determined by referees agreed upon by and between the parties interested\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"therein and the Minister of the Interior, and the valuation so adjudged and determined shall be t h e extreme limit of tire price to be paid by t h e Government for such woods or lands, and upon making tender of such price so determined by the\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"referees, it shall be lawful for the said Minister to take possession of such woods and lands for the purposes aforesaid.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"SECTION 5.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The superintendent of woods a n d forests shall receive for the faithful performance of the duties of his\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"office, such sum as the Minister of the Interior shall direct.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"SECTION 6.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The sum of _____ dollars is hereby appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act.\\n\\nApproved this 19th day of September, A.D. 1876.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" KALAKAUA R.\",\"bold\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[Source:\\n\"},{\"text\":\"p. 584 of McCully, L. (1884). Compiled laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom (LLMC-digital (Series)). Honolulu: Printed at the Hawaiian Gazette Office.\",\"bold\":false},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Explore & help build the Stardust Library at\\ntinyurl.com/AGILEbk\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.tinyurl.com/AGILEbk/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to go to the AGILE Command Book &Stardust Library in your browser\"}},{\"text\":\" ]\"}]"],title:"HK.LAW.ACT.1876.09.19",author:"King Kalākaua Rex & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["AN ACT FOR THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF WOODS AND FORESTS","signed into Hawaiian Kingdom law on","September 19, 1876 by King Kalakaua Rex","[Minecraft book by Jeruviel]"]}}
/minecraft:give @p minecraft:sign{BlockEntityTag:{Text1:"{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.ACT.1876.\"}",Text2:"{\"text\":\"09.19.-Protection\"}",Text3:"{\"text\":\"ofWoods&Forests\"}",Text4:"{\"text\":\"King Kal\\u0101kaua\",\"bold\":true}"},display:{Name:"{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.ACT.1876\"}"}}
93
JeruvielHK.LAW.ACT.1893.01.04Act to Establish a Bureau of Agriculture & ForestryQueen Lili`oukalani
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433009069372;view=1up;seq=1289
Note: also see Chronicling America archive for version printed in The Daily Bulletin on January 17, 1893 ... the newspaper version does not have the bracketed notes added by the treasonous lot of the other source (Judd. et al.)
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"[Stardust LIB call#\\nHK.LAW.ACT.1893.01.04]\\n\"},{\"text\":\"BY AUTHORITY.\\n\\nAN ACT\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"To Establish a Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nBe it Enacted by the Queen and the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom:\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Section 1. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"There shall be and is hereby created a Bureau in the Department of the Interior to be called the \\\"Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry,\\\" which shall have for its object:\\n1. To provide for the instruction of the public, by free lectures and printing\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"matter, such information as has been proved by practical experience to be useful to agriculture, stock-raising, and kindred industries.\\n2. To obtain from other countries such information, and procure such seeds and plants as may be\"}","{\"text\":\"of practical benefit to the agricultural and commercial interests of this Kingdom.\\n3. To collect information concerning tropical and semi tropical textile fibres; the utility of island woods or other products; the planting of trees for forest\"}","{\"text\":\"conservation; the promotion of an arbor-day observance throughout the Kingdom; the preservation of forests, and all kindred subjects; and the compilation of statistics concerning the agricultural and live stock interests of the country.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"4. To guard against the introduction of plant diseases or insect pests, and render aid in the suppression of blights and diseases affecting agricultural products and live stock.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Section 2.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Such Bureau shall consist of the Minister of Interior, who shall be\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ex officio \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"President, and four other persons, who shall be appointed by such Minister, by and with the approval of the Cabinet, and serve without pay. Such Bureau is hereby authorized to appoint a suitable person as Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry, who shall\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"also be the recording and corresponding Secretary of the Bureau, and who shall receive such salary as may be set apart by the Bureau out of any money appropriated for forests and nurseries.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Section 3.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The members of the Bureau shall hold\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"regular meetings, mo- nthly or oftener, as may be desirable; and are hereby authoriz- ed to formulate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with existing laws, and take such action as may be necessary to promote the objects of this Act, which, when published, shall have the force of law.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"The said rules shall be countersigned and promulgated by the Minister of the Interior.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Section 4. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Bur- eau shall have power to remunerate any land-holder who, at the request of the Bureau, may under- take any experimental cultivation for the public benefit.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Section 5:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Upon the recommendation of the Bureau, the Mini- ster of the Interior may offer premiums for the encourage- ment of new agricul- tural enterprises, the utilization of waste products and formulae for the destruction of injurious insects & noxious weeds.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Section 6.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The Bureau may authorize Fairs to be held from time to time, in Honolulu or elsewhere, for the exhibition of agricul- tural products or mechanical arts appertaining thereto, and may provide competitive prizes for excellence in such objects\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"as may prove beneficial to the country.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Section 7. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Minister of the Interior, by and with the approval of the Cabinet and the Bureau, shall have power to set apart from any Government or School lands, or to acquire by lease or purchase a\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"site suitable for an experimental station or stations, and may employ and remunerate suitable persons necessary to carry on the same under the auspices of the Bureau.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Section 8. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"It shall be the duty of the Commissioner or his representative to visit, at least once a\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"year, all homesteads and the principal agricultural enterprises on the respective islands throughout the Kingdom to ascertain if the terms of the law are being complied with; to give to the homesteaders such advice in the planting, cultivating and fertilizing of their\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"respective holdings as shall be conducive to the best results and to make to the Bureau a report of such visit. all homesteads and the principal agricultural enterprises on theto make to the Bureau a report of such visit.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Section 9. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"The Commissioner of Agriculture and\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Forestry shall, at the close of each year, make out a detailed report of the work of the Bureau, which shall be published, and shall also furnish a biennial report to be embodied in that of the Minister of the Interior at the regular sessions of the Legislature.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Section 10.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" All moneys appropriated by the Legislature for the purposes of this Act shall be under the control of the Bureau, and all receipts of the Bureau shall be accounted for and paid into the Treasury as Government realizations.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Section 11.\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" For the purpose of concentrating kindred objects under one department, the execution of the following laws and parts of laws shall be deemed to be duties of the Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry, viz.:\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]" ,"{\"text\":\"1. Section 251 to and including Section 254 of the Civil Code, relating to the improvement of Agriculture and Manufactures;\\n2. Chapter XXX. of the Session Laws of 1876, entitled \\\"An Act for the protection and preservation of Woods and Forests”;\"}","{\"text\":\"3. Chapter XLVIII. of the Session Laws of 1884, entitled \\\"An Act to encourage the production of Ramie or other Fibres in these Islands, suitable for a market,\\\" and Chapter LXV. of the Session Laws of 1888, entitled \\\"An Act to encourage\"}","{\"text\":\"the cultivation and manufacture of Ramie\\\";\\n4. Chapter LXXI. of the Session Laws of 1886, entitled \\\"An Act to encourage the manufacture and exportation of Taro Flour,\\\" and Chapter LIX. of the Session Laws of 1888, entitled \\\"An Act to encourage the production and\"}","{\"text\":\"sale of Taro Flour and other products of Taro\\\";\\n5. Chapter XXXIV. of the Session Laws of 1888, entitled \\\"An Act to prevent the introduction of Coffee Leaf Diseases,\\\"\\nand\\n6. Chapter II. of the Session Laws of 1890, entitled \\\"An Act\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"relating to the suppression of Plant Diseases, Blight and Insect Pests.\\\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Section 12. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"All laws or parts of laws in conflict with any of the foregoing provisions, in so far as they are inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Section 13. \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"This Act shall become a law\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"from and after the date of its approval.\\n\\nApproved this 4th day of January, A. D. 1893.\\n\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"By the Queen:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nLILIUOKALANI R.\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nG. N. Wilcox,\\nMinister of the Interior\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"[For open access version of this document see:\\n\\nHawaii, Judd, A. F, Wilder, Arthur A, & Frear, Walter Francis. (1905). Revised laws of Hawaii: Comprising the statutes of the Territory, consolidated, revised and annotated: Published by authority.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Gazette. pp. 1285-8. \"},{\"text\":\"LINK\",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433009069372;view=1up;seq=1289\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here to navigate to this source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\".\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Kingdom. (17 Jan 1893). An Act to Establish a Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry. \",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016412/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here to navigate to this source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"The Daily Bulletin. \",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016412/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here to navigate to this source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"Vol. V. No. 630. \",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016412/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here to navigate to this source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"LINK\",\"bold\":true,\"underlined\":true,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016412/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click here to navigate to this source in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"See Stardust library: \",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to AGILE Open Command Book in browser\"}},{\"text\":\"tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\",\"bold\":false,\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"See AGILE Open Command Book in browser\"}}]"],title:"HK.LAW.ACT.1893.01.04",author:"Hawaiian Kingdom & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["January 4th, 1893 - AN ACT BY AUTHORITY","To Establish a Bureau of ","Agriculture and Forestry.","\"Be it Enacted by the Queen and the","Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom: ..."]}}
/give @p minecraft:sign{BlockEntityTag:{Text1:"{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.ACT.1893.\"}",Text2:"{\"text\":\"01.04.-Act Bureau\"}",Text3:"{\"text\":\"Ag. & Forestry\"}",Text4:"{\"text\":\"Queen Lili\\u02bboukalani\"}"},display:{Name:"{\"text\":\"HK.LAW.ACT.1876\"}"}}
94
Jeruviel
IF.2018.07.16.1o5(INPROGRESS)
"Making Kin With the Machines" Lewis, Arista, Pechawis, & Kite
https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite
need to adjust text and break up lines on some pages to make it all fit
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"3.5 Resisting Reduct- ion Competition Winners\\n\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to article in browser at jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"}},{\"text\":\"Making Kin with the Machines\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to article in browser at jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nEssay Competition Winner\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to article in browser at jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"}},{\"text\":\"\\nby Jason Edward Lewis, Noelani Arista, Archer Pechawis, & Suzanne Kite\\nJul 16, 2018\"}]","{\"text\":\"Man is neither height nor centre of creation. This belief is core to many Indigenous epistemologies. It underpins ways of knowing & speaking that acknowledge kinship networks that extend to animals & plants, wind & rocks, mountains & oceans.\"}","{\"text\":\"Indigenous communities worldwide have retained the languages & protocols that enable us to engage in dialogue with our non-human kin, creating mutually intelligible discourses across differences in material, vibrancy, & genealogy.\\n Blackfoot philo-sopher Leroy Little\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Bear observes, \\u201cthe human brain is a station on the radio dial; parked in one spot, it is deaf to all the other stations [. . .] the animals, rocks, trees, simultaneously broadcasting across the whole spectrum of sentience.\\u201d \"},{\"text\":\"1\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"change_page\",\"value\":45}},{\"text\":\"\\nAs we manufacture more machines with\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"increasing levels of sentient-like behaviour, we must consider how such entities fit within the kin-network, & in doing so, address the stubborn Enlightenment conceit at the heart of Joi Ito\\u2019s \\u201cResisting Reduction\\u201d manifesto: that we should prioritize human flourishing. \"},{\"text\":\"2\",\"bold\":true}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\" In his manifesto, Ito reiterates what Indigenous people have been saying for millennia: \\u201cUltimately everything interconnects.\\u201d \"},{\"text\":\"3\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" And he highlights Norbert Wiener\\u2019s warnings about treating human beings as tools. Yet as much as he strives to escape the box drawn\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"by Western rationalist traditions, his attempt at radical critique is handicapped by the continued centering of the human. This anthropocentrism permeates the manifesto but is perhaps most clear when he writes approvingly of the IEEE developing\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u201cdesign guidelines for the development of artificial intelligence around \"},{\"text\":\"human\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" well-being\\u201d (emphasis ours.) \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"4\\n \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"It is such references that suggest to us that Ito\\u2019s proposal for \\u201cextended intelligence\\u201d is doggedly narrow. We propose rather an\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"extended \\u201ccircle of relationships\\u201d that includes the non-human kin\\u2014from network daemons to robot dogs to artificial intelligences (AI) weak and, eventually, strong\\u2014that increasingly populate our computational biosphere. By bringing Indigenous\"}","{\"text\":\"epistemologies to bear on the \\u201cAI question,\\u201d we hope in what follows to open new lines of discussion that can, indeed, escape the box.\\n We undertake this project not to \\u201cdiversify\\u201d the conversation. We do it because we believe that Indigenous\"}","{\"text\":\"epistemologies are much better at respectfully accommodating the non-human. We retain a sense of community that is articulated through complex kin networks anchored in specific territories, genealogies, & protocols. Ultimately, our goal is that we, as\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"a species, figure out how to treat these new non-human kin respectfully & reciprocally\\u2014and not as mere tools, or worse, slaves to their creators.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Indigenous Epistemologies\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nIt is critical to emphasize that there is no one single,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"monolithic, homogeneous Indigenous epistemology. We use the term here in order to gather together frameworks which stem from territories belonging to Indigenous nations on the North American continent & in the Pacific Ocean that share some similarities\"}","{\"text\":\"in how they consider non-human relations. \\n We also wish to underline that none of us are speaking for our particular communities, nor for Indigenous peoples in general. There exists a great variety of Indigenous thought, both between nations & within nations. We write\"}","{\"text\":\"here not to represent but to encourage discussion that embraces that multiplicity. We approach this task with respect for our knowledge-keepers & elders, & welcome feedback & critique from them as well as the wider public.\\n North American &\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Oceanic Indigenous epistemologies tend to foreground relationality. \"},{\"text\":\"5 \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"Little Bear says \\u201c[i]n the Indigenous world, everything is animate & has spirit [. . .] \\u2018all my relations\\u2019 refers to relationships with everything in creation [. . . ] knowledge is the relationship one has to\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"\\u2018all my relations\\u2019.\\u201d \"},{\"text\":\"6\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" These relationships are built around a core of mutual respect. Dakota philosopher Vine Deloria, Jr., describes this respect as having two attitudes: \\u201cOne attitude is the acceptance of self-discipline by humans & their communities to\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"act responsibly toward other forms of life. The other attitude is to seek to establish communications & covenants with other forms of life on a mutually agreeable basis. \"},{\"text\":\"7\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" The first attitude is necessary to understand the need for more diverse thinking regarding our\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"relationship with AI; the second to formulating plans for how to develop that relationship.\\n Indigenous epistem- ologies do not take abstraction or generalization as a natural good or higher order of intellectual engagement. Relationality is rooted\"}","{\"text\":\"in context & the prime context is place. There is a conscious acknowledgement that particular world views arise from particular territories, & the ways in which the push & pull of all the forces at work in that territory determine what is most salient for existing in balance\"}","{\"text\":\"with it. Knowledge gets articulated as that which allows one to walk a good path through the territory. Language, cosmology, mythology, & ceremony are simultaneously relational & territorial: they are the means by which knowledge of the territory is shared in order to guide others along a good path.\"}","{\"text\":\"In what follows, we will draw upon Hawaiian, Cree, & Lakota cultural knowledges to suggest how Ito\\u2019s call to resist reduction might best be realized by developing conceptual frameworks that conceive of our computational creations as kin & acknowledge our responsibility to\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"find a place for them in our circle of relationship.\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"H\\u0101loa : the long breath\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\nI = Author 2\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"K\\u0101naka maoli \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"(Hawaiian people) ontologies have much to offer if we are to reconcept-\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"ualize AI-human relations. Multiplicities are nuanced & varied, certainly more aesthetically pleasurable than singularities. Rather than holding AI separate or beneath, might we consider how we cultivate reciprocal relationships using a k\\u0101naka maoli reframing\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"of AI as \\u02bb\"},{\"text\":\"\\u0100I\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"na. \\u02bb\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"\\u0100I\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"na is a play on the word \\u02bb\\u0101ina (Hawaiian land) & suggests we should treat these relations as we would all that nourishes & supports us.\\n Hawaiian custom & practice make clear that humans are inextricably tied to the earth & one another.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"K\\u0101naka maoli\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"ontologies that privilege multiplicity over singularity supply useful & appropriate models, aesthetics, & ethics through which imagining, creating & developing beneficial relationships among humans & AI is made\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" pono\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (correct, harmonious, balanced,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"beneficial). As can be evinced by this chain of extended meaning, polysemy (\"},{\"text\":\"kaona\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\") is the normative cognitive mode of peoples belonging to the Moananui\\u0101kea (the deep, vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean).\\n The \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"mo\\u02bbolelo\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (history, story) of H\\u0101loa supplies numerous\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"aspects of genealogy, identity, & culture to k\\u0101naka maoli\"},{\"text\":\".\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" Through this story, people remember that W\\u0101kea (the broad unobstructed expanse of sky; father) & his daughter, Ho\\u02bboh\\u014dk\\u016bikalani (generator of the stars in the heavens) had a sacred child,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"H\\u0101loa, who was stillborn. H\\u0101loa was buried in the earth & from his body, planted in the \\u02bb\\u0101ina, emerged the kalo\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"plant which is the main sustenance of Hawaiian people. A second child named after this elder brother was born. In caring for the growth & vitality of his\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"younger brother\\u2019s body, H\\u0101loa provided sustenance for all the generations that came after and, in so doing, perpetuates the life of his people as the living breath (\"},{\"text\":\"h\\u0101loa\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\") whose inspiration sustained Hawaiians for generations. \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"8\",\"bold\":true}]","{\"text\":\" H\\u0101loa\\u2019s story is one among many that constitutes the \\u201coperating code\\u201d that shapes our view of time & relationships in a way that transcends the cognition of a single generation. Cognition is the way we acquire knowledge & understanding through thought, experience, &\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"our senses, & in Hawai\\u02bbi, our generation combines our \"},{\"text\":\"\\u02bbike\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (knowledge, know how) with the \\u02bbike of the people who preceded us. Time is neither linear nor cyclical in this framework as both the past & present are resonant & relational. Rather than extractive behavior,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"mo\\u02bbolelo such as these have shaped values privileging balance (\"},{\"text\":\"pono\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\") & abundance \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"(ulu.)\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" What Ito calls \\u201cflourishing\\u201d is not a novel concept for\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"k\\u0101naka maoli, it is the measure through which we assess correct customary practice & behavior.\\n Considering AI\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"through Hawaiian ontologies opens up possibilities for creative iteration through these foundational concepts of pono\"},{\"text\":\" & ulu a ola\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (fruitful growth into life). The \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"ali\\u02bbi \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"(chief) King Kauikeaouli Kamehameha III did something similar in 1843 when he drew\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"upon these concepts in celebration of the restoration of Hawaiian rule to declare \\u201c\"},{\"text\":\"ua mau ke ea o ka \\u02bb\\u0101ina i ka pono\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\u201d (the life of the land is perpetuated through righteousness).\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"Pono\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"is an ethical stance\\u2014correctness, yes, but also an index & measure which\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"privileges multiplicities over singularities & indicates that quality of life can only be assessed through the health of land\"},{\"text\":\" & \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"people. From this rich ground of mo\\u02bbolelo\\u2014which colonial narratives have failed to understand or simply dismissed\\u2014models for \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"maoli\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (human)-AI\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"relations can be distilled. K\\u0101naka maoli ontologies makes it difficult & outright unrewarding to reduce pono\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"to a measure of one, to prioritize the benefit of individuals over relationships. Healthy & fruitful balance \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"requires \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"multiplicity & that we continually think in &\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"through relation even when\\u2014 perhaps particularly when\\u2014engaging with those different from ourselves.\\n A k\\u0101naka maoli\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"approach to understanding AI might seek to attend to the power (\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"mana\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\") which is exchanged & shared between AI & humans.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"In attending to questions of\"},{\"text\":\" mana\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\", I emphasize our preference for reciprocity & relationship building that take the pono (here as good, benefit) of those in relation into consideration. Guiding our behaviour in inaugurating,\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"acknowledging, & maintaining new relationships are mo\\u02bbolelo\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"from which we garner our connection with \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"k\\u016bpuna\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" (ancestors, elders) & their knowledge. What kind of mana (here also as life force, prestige) might AI be accorded in relation with people? Current AI is imagined\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"as a tool or slave that increases the\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"mana & wealth of \\u201cdevelopers\\u201d or \\u201ccreators,\\u201d a decidedly one-sided power relationship that upsets the pono\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"not only for the future of AI-human relations but also human-human relations. It also threatens the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"sustainable capacity of the \"},{\"text\":\"honua \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"(earth). Applying pono, using a k\\u0101naka maoli index of balance, employs \\u201cgood growth\\u201d as the inspiration shaping creativity & imagination.\\n Principles of k\\u0101naka maoli governance traditionally flowed from seeking pono. Deliberation & decision\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"were based not only on securing health & abundance for one generation but for the following generations. The living foundation of everyday customary practice was in fishing, navigating, sailing, farming, tending for others in community, the arts, chant, &\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"dance. Until this day Hawaiians continue to eat kalo & pound\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"poi. We continue customary practices of treating\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"poi\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"derived from the body of H\\u0101loa with respect by refraining from argumentative speech at mealtimes when\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"poi\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"is present. These practices maintain correct social\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"relations between people & the land & food that nourishes them.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Aloha as moral discipline\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\nCommunicating the full extent of foundational cultural concepts is difficult precisely because of the ways in which such concepts pervade every aspect\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"of life. How, for instance, would we create AI, & our relations with it, using \"},{\"text\":\"aloha \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"as a guiding principle? In 2015, I embarked on a two-year social media project to assist the broader public in fortifying their concept of aloha beyond the \\u201clove, hello\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"& goodbye\\u201d that has been exoticized by the American tourist industry. Sharing one word a day in the Facebook group, \\u201c365 Days of Aloha,\\u201d I curated an archive of songs, chants, & proverbs in Hawaiian to accurately illuminate one feature of aloha. \"},{\"text\":\"9\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Initially I thought to reveal, by degrees, the different depths of aloha\\u2014regard, intimacy, respect, affection, passion\\u2014each day. But deep context is required for a rich under- standing of cultural concepts. Imagining I was training a virtual audience, I started\"}","{\"text\":\"uploading images, video, & audio recordings of songs, chants, & hula to add to the textual definitions.\\n\\n[...]\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[\"},{\"text\":\"Article consists of at least another 4 Minecraft books, all are still being made,\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\" \",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"}},{\"text\":\"see \",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to continue reading \\\"Making Kin with the Machines\\\"at jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"}},{\"text\":\"original here\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to continue reading \\\"Making Kin with the Machines\\\"at jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite\"}},{\"text\":\" to continue reading now]\\n\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"[Visit \",\"italic\":true,\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Stardust Library &engage the AGILE Open Command Book\"}},{\"text\":\"Stardust LIB\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://agilexps.wordpress.com/2018/11/19/sdlib/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Stardust Library &engage the AGILE Open Command Book\"}},{\"text\":\":\",\"italic\":true,\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Stardust Library &engage the AGILE Open Command Book\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Stardust Library &engage the AGILE Open Command Book\"}},{\"text\":\" ]\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to navigate to Stardust Library &engage the AGILE Open Command Book\"}}]"],title:"IF.2018.07.16.1o5-IN PROGRESS",author:"Lewis, Arista, Pechawis & Kite",display:{Lore:["Making Kin with the Machines"," 3.5 Resisting Reduction"," Essay Competition Winner","by Jason Edward Lewis, Noelani Arista, ","Archer Pechawis, & Suzanne Kite","Jul 16, 2018","[Minecraft book 1of5 by Jeruviel]"]}}
95
IF.2018.07.16.2o5
"Making Kin With the Machines" Lewis, Arista, Pechawis, & Kite
https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite
96
IF.2018.07.16.3o5
"Making Kin With the Machines" Lewis, Arista, Pechawis, & Kite
https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite
97
IF.2018.07.16.4o5
"Making Kin With the Machines" Lewis, Arista, Pechawis, & Kite
https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite
98
IF.2018.07.16.5o5
"Making Kin With the Machines" Lewis, Arista, Pechawis, & Kite
https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/lewis-arista-pechawis-kite
99
JeruvielIF.IH.0001
Excerpt from Silva, Noenoe K. The Power of the Steel-tipped Pen : Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History. 2017.
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"Silva, Noenoe K. \"},{\"text\":\"The Power of the Steel-tipped Pen : Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual \",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"History. 2017.\\n\\nExcerpt from the conclusion which has inspired the creation of this new section of the Stardust Library:\\n\\nI have shown that \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"there are many more writers and political actors who need to be researched. Their works deserve to be compiled in bibliographies and then read together. Right now, we have many mo\\u02bbolelo printed from the microfilm or digitized pages of the newspapers, bound in flimsy plastic\"}","{\"text\":\"at copy shops. Each volume is a single mo\\u02bbolelo or part of a mo\\u02bbolelo; they fall over on each other on the shelf because of their thin bindings.4 Eventually, as the number of our l\\u0101hui literate in Hawaiian expands, and our commitment and \"}","{\"text\":\"resources grow, we could\\u2014and we should\\u2014have shelves of books of the collected works of these k\\u016bpuna. Then study of our k\\u016bpuna\\u2019s thought worlds can really begin: we will be able to see who influenced whom and understand so many more references and where they came from (213).\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Read the Introduction now (\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-0-8223-6368-2_601.pdf\"}},{\"text\":\"PDF\",\"color\":\"dark_red\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-0-8223-6368-2_601.pdf\"}},{\"text\":\")\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-0-8223-6368-2_601.pdf\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Access University of Hawai\\u02bbi eBrary version\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://uhawaii-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VOYAGER4755900&context=L&vid=OUZ&search_scope=OUZ_ALL&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US\"}},{\"text\":\" [requires UH library access]\\n\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Buy now from Duke\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/the-power-of-the-steel-tipped-pen\"}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n \"}]"],title:"IF.IH.0001",author:"Noenoe Silva & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["A highlight of Dr. Noenoe Silva's ","\"The Power of the Steel-tipped Pen:","Reconstructing Native Hawaiian ","Intellectual History\", which has ","inspired a new section of the ","Stardust Library to be created. ","Jeruviel adapted this to Minecraft."]}}
100
JeruvielHK.KNLK.2018.11.28
/minecraft:give @p written_book{pages:["[\"\",{\"text\":\"E Ola N\\u014d Ko Hawai\\u02bbi Mau L\\u0101 Nui L\\u0101 K\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba & L\\u0101 Ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi Ea Ka\\u02bbina Manawa\",\"bold\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://manoa.hawaii.edu/nhss/about/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":[\"\",{\"text\":\"Text adapted by \"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" from source by\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Native Hawaiian Student Services at\\nUniversity of Hawai\\u02bbi at M\\u0101noa's\",\"color\":\"dark_green\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Ka Nupepa La Kuokoa\",\"italic\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\", Buke 18, Helu 43,\\np2,\",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" \\\"La Kuokoa Historical Overview\\\"\",\"color\":\"red\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to visit NHSS in browser\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\"}]}},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://manoa.hawaii.edu/nhss/about/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":[\"\",{\"text\":\"Text adapted by \"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" from source by\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Native Hawaiian Student Services at\\nUniversity of Hawai\\u02bbi at M\\u0101noa's\",\"color\":\"dark_green\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Ka Nupepa La Kuokoa\",\"italic\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\", Buke 18, Helu 43,\\np2,\",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" \\\"La Kuokoa Historical Overview\\\"\",\"color\":\"red\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to visit NHSS in browser\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\"}]}},{\"text\":\"Celebrating Hawaiian\\nNational Holidays\\nL\\u0101 K\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba and L\\u0101 Ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi Ea Timeline\",\"italic\":true,\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://manoa.hawaii.edu/nhss/about/\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":[\"\",{\"text\":\"Text adapted by \"},{\"text\":\"Jeruviel\",\"color\":\"dark_purple\"},{\"text\":\" from source by\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Native Hawaiian Student Services at\\nUniversity of Hawai\\u02bbi at M\\u0101noa's\",\"color\":\"dark_green\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Ka Nupepa La Kuokoa\",\"italic\":true,\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\", Buke 18, Helu 43,\\np2,\",\"color\":\"gold\"},{\"text\":\" \\\"La Kuokoa Historical Overview\\\"\",\"color\":\"red\"},{\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Click to visit NHSS in browser\",\"bold\":true,\"color\":\"blue\"}]}},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n[No \\u02bb\\u014clelo Hawai\\u02bbi entries for the first three dates on the timeline, they begin July 1842]\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"1810\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\": Kamehameha 1 unifies islands creating one Hawaiian nation.\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"1839\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\": Kamehameha III, Kauikeaouli, signs Declaration of Rights.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"1840\",\"bold\":true,\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\": First Hawaiian constitution instituted by Kauikeaouli creating the Hawaiian Kingdom as a constitutional monarchy.\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"italic\":true},{\"text\":\"\\n\\n\\n \",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Iulai 1842\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": Koho akula \\u02bbo Kauikeaouli i\\u0101 Timoteo Ha\\u02bbalilio a me William Richards e hele aku i \\u02bbAmelika Hui P\\u016b \\u02bbia me \\u02bbEuropa e ho\\u02bbopa\\u02bba ai i ko Hawai\\u02bbi k\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"July 1842\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": Selected by Kauikeaouli, Timoteo Ha\\u02bbalilio & William Rich- ards begin an internat- ional diplomatic mission to the US and Europe to\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"secure recognition of Hawai\\u02bbi\\u2019s independence.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"K\\u0113k\\u0113mapa 1842\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": Hui\\np\\u016b akula n\\u014d \\u02bbo Ha\\u02bbalilio l\\u0101ua \\u02bbo Richards me ko \\u02bbAmelika Hui P\\u016b \\u02bbia kuhina moku \\u02bb\\u0101ina me Daniel Webster a k\\u016bk\\u0101k\\u016bk\\u0101 \\u02bbia he \\u02bbaelike no ko \\u02bbAmelika h\\u014d\\u02bboia \\u02bbana mai i ko Hawai\\u02bbi k\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"December 1842\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": Ha\\u02bbalilio and Richards meet with US Secret- ary of State Daniel Webster & negotiate a verbal agreement for US recognition.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"Pepeluali 1843\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": Mahope iho o kahi pilikia me kekanaka kanikela Beretania meK\\u0101pena Lord George Paulettema O\\u02bbahu, ua\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ha\\u02bbakoi \\u02bbia n\\u014d \\u02bboKauikeaouli e ho\\u02bboku\\u02bbu aku ike ea o kona aupuni ma lalo oBeratania. Kauoha \\u02bbia akula kahuki \\u02bbana i ka hae Hawai\\u02bbi a kau\\u02bbia a\\u02bbe n\\u014d ho\\u02bbi ka hae Beretaniama ka pae \\u02bb\\u0101ina.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"February 1843:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Ha\\u02bbalil-io and Richards meet with King Leopold 1\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"of Belgium securinga verbal agreement of recogni-tion.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Pepeluali 1843\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\": H\\u0101l\\u0101wai ho\\u02bbi \\u02bbo Ha\\u02bbalilio l\\u0101ua\\u02bbo Richards me ka M\\u014d\\u02bb\\u012b oBelegiuma me Leopold 1. A mak\\u0113ia h\\u0101l\\u0101wai i ho\\u02bbopa\\u02bba \\u02bbia aiko Belegiuma h\\u014d\\u02bboia \\u02bbana mai iko Hawai\\u02bbi k\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"February 1843:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Fo- llowing a land dispute\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"with a British consul- ate in the Hawaiian Ki- ngdom, British Capt- ain Lord George Pau- lette, through gunbo- at diplomacy press- ures Kauikeaouli to cede the sovereignty of the Kingdom and orders all Hawaiian flags lowered and the British flag raised throughout the Kingdom.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Malaki 1843:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Pa\\u02bba maila ko \\u02bbEnelani me ko Palani h\\u014d\\u02bboia \\u02bbana mai ma ka h\\u0101l\\u0101wai \\u02bbana o Ha\\u02bbalilio l\\u0101ua \\u02bbo Richards me ke Kuhina Beretania, Lord Aberdeen a me ke Kuhina Palani, Francois Guizot.\\n\",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"March 1843:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Ha\\u02bbalilio and Richards secure a verbal agreement for recognition of the\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Hawaiian Kingdom by British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord Aberdeen and French Foreign Minister, Francois Guizot.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Iulai 1843:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Ho\\u02bbolono akula \\u02bbo \\u02bbAkimalala Richard Thomas i ka hana a Paulette. No laila, holo akula \\u02bbo ia i Hawai\\u02bbi e ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi ai i ke\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ea o ko Hawai\\u02bbi pae \\u02bb\\u0101ina i ka m\\u014d\\u02bb\\u012b i\\u0101 Kauikeaouli.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"July 1843:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" News of Paulette\\u2019s actions reach British Naval Admiral, Richard Thom- as who sailed to the Kingdom and met with Kauikeouli. Thomas ordered sovereignty restored to the Hawaiian Kingdom.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Iulai 31, 1843:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" L\\u0101 Ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi Ea! I ka p\\u0101\\u02bbina i ho\\u02bbolaule\\u02bba \\u02bbia ai ka ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi \\u02bbia \\u02bbana o ke ea, k\\u016b maila \\u02bbo Kauikeaouli a k\\u016bkala ho\\u02bbi i ka lehulehu, \\u201cUa mau ke ea o ka \\u02bb\\u0101ina i ka pono.\\u201d Huki \\u02bbia akula ka hae Beretania a kau hou \\u02bbia a\\u02bbela ka hae Hawai\\u02bbi. M\\u0101lama \\u02bbia he\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ho\\u02bbolaule\\u02bba ma Kaniakap\\u016bp\\u016b no n\\u0101 l\\u0101 he 10 ma ka hale ho\\u02bbomaha o Kauikeaouli ma Nu\\u02bbuanu. Ua lilo k\\u0113ia ho\\u02bbolaule\\u02bba \\u02bbana i l\\u0101 nui o ke aupuni Hawai\\u02bbi i ho\\u02bbomana\\u02bbo \\u02bbia ai mai ia w\\u0101 aku.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"July 31, 1843 - \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"L\\u0101 Ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi Ea! In a grand celebra- tion, sovereignty is\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"restored and Kauikeaouli proclaims \\u201cUa mau ke ea o ka \\u02bb\\u0101ina i ka pono\\u201d. The British Flags are lowered and the Hawaiian flags are raised once again. A 10 day celebration ensues at Kaniakap\\u016bp\\u016b, the summer home of Kauikeaouli in upper Nu\\u02bbuanu. This is\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"celebrated as a national holiday from here on until following the overthrow of the Kingdom.\\n\"},{\"text\":\"Nowemapa 28, 1843\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" \",\"color\":\"reset\"},{\"text\":\"L\\u0101 K\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba!:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" P\\u016blima a\\u02bbe n\\u014d \\u02bbo Palani me Beretania i ka palapala Anglo Franco. Me ia palapala n\\u014d i pa\\u02bba ai ke k\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba o ke aupuni Hawai\\u02bbi. Mai\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"ia w\\u0101 mai i ho\\u02bbolaule\\u02bba \\u02bbia ai ia l\\u0101 \\u02bbo L\\u0101 K\\u016b\\u02bb\\u014dko\\u02bba!\\n\"},{\"text\":\"November 28, 1843 - L\\u0101 K\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba!:\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" France & Britain sign the Anglo Franco Procla- mation, recognizing the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom. This is celebrated as Hawaiian Independence Day from here on.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"Iulai 31, 1986 -\",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\" Mana- wa \\u02bb n\\u014d I\\u0101 k\\u0101kou, ka po\\u02bbe Ha- wai\\u02bbi, e paio mau nei e ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi \\u02bbia mai ke ea i Hawai\\u02bbi nei, mau n\\u014d ko k\\u0101kou ho\\u02bbolaule\\u02bba \\u02bbana i ka L\\u0101 Ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi Ea. Ho\\u02bbolaule\\u02bba \\u02bbia mai ia l\\u0101 nui ma ke kaiaulu ma o ka ho\\u02bbona\\u02bbauao, ka hana no\\u02bbeau, ka ho\\u02bbokani pila, ke k\\u016bk\\u0101k\\u016bk\\u0101, a p\\u0113l\\u0101 aku n\\u014d.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","[\"\",{\"text\":\"July 31, 1986 \",\"bold\":true},{\"text\":\"- Present Grassroots organizers recog- nize and celebrate L\\u0101 Ho\\u02bbiho\\u02bbi Ea as people once again work to return Ea to Hawai\\u02bbi. It is celebrated with education, art, crafts, music, performance, discussion and other forms of community building.\",\"color\":\"reset\"}]","{\"text\":\"Mahalo nui to \\u02bbIlima Long for her resea- rch contributions and Kaimana Kawaha for translating the text into \\u02bb\\u014clelo Hawai\\u02bbi. The research included here is from her work she did for Native Hawaiian Student Services in 2015, 2016 and 2017 in celebration of L\\u0101 K\\u016b\\u02bboko\\u02bba.\"}","[\"\",{\"text\":\"[Enjoying the Stardust Library? Consider adding your own original or adapted materials or improving on the existing collection by visiting the AGILE Open Command Book at\\n\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit AGILE Open Command Book\"}},{\"text\":\"tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\",\"color\":\"dark_blue\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit AGILE Open Command Book\"}},{\"text\":\" ]\",\"color\":\"reset\",\"clickEvent\":{\"action\":\"open_url\",\"value\":\"http://www.tinyurl.com/AGILEbk\"},\"hoverEvent\":{\"action\":\"show_text\",\"value\":\"Click to visit AGILE Open Command Book\"}}]"],title:"HK.KNLK.2018.11.28",author:"Ka Nupepa La Kuokoa & Jeruviel",display:{Lore:["Hawaiian Independence Day timeline,","excerpted from:","E Ola Nō Ko Hawaiʻi Mau Lā Nui Lā ","Kūʻokoʻa & Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea Kaʻina Manawa","Celebrating Hawaiian National Holidays","Lā Kūʻokoʻa and Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea Timeline","by Ka Nupepa La Kuokoa, Buke 18, Helu 43","& Native Hawaiian Student Services @ UHM","[Minecraft book adaptation by Jeruviel]"]}}
/minecraft:give @p minecraft:sign{BlockEntityTag:{Text1:"{\"text\":\"HK.KNLK.2018.\"}",Text2:"{\"text\":\"11.28. Hawaiian\"}",Text3:"{\"text\":\"Independence\"}",Text4:"{\"text\":\"Day (Overview)\"}"},display:{Name:"{\"text\":\"HK.KNLK.2018.11.28\"}"}}