Genomics, Biodiversity and Breeding in Banana - Pat Heslop-Harrison - www.AoBBlog.com www.MolCyt.com

Genomics: the story of control of a plant

The Global Musa Genomics Consortium

To assure the sustainability of banana as a staple food crop by developing an integrated genetic and genomic understanding, allowing targeted breeding, transformation and more efficient use of Musa biodiversity

chromosomes

The DNA

Sources of variation

in the DNA:

• nucleotide variation
• regulatory sequences
• existing cultivars
• wild germplasm
• mutation breeding

Genomics

- Structural

- Functional

- Comparative

Sequence of 64 marker-selected BAC clones from M. acuminata 'Calcutta 4', M. balbisiana 'PKW' and M. acuminata 'Grande naine’

=1% of the genome

454 : 100 Mb (IEB)

Solexa  (IAEA/ULeist)

BAC ends (3,100 + 23,060)

EST (100 000)

Comparison of homologous BACs excluding microsatellite and transposon regions

24650 bp

1.91% insert

1.11% deletion

1.87% transition

1.19% transversion

Total 93.9% similar

MusaTract: Sequencing banana

Banana Genome Sequencing Consortium CIRAD/Genoscope France

in the framework of the Global Musa Genomics Consortium

Mixed Sanger, 454 and Solexa technologies.

chromatin

Genomics: defines the origin

and nature of all the characters

of the crop through

understanding the DNA

Uses: measuring biodiversity, finding genes, identifying useful characters, giving selection criteria to breeding programmes

The Future: Superdomestication

2010: The year of Biodiversity

Where is Musa in the big picture?

What is banana and where did it come fron?

How much diversity is in banana?

Domestication

- syndrome of major characters making a crop worth growing

- refinement over thousands of years

Optimization and the future

The future:

New biotic threats - disease

New abiotic threats - climate change/water usage

MORE production and still MORE!

More quality and nutritional value

Continuous battle with climate and disease

The population:

2009: 50% of world's population is urban

Just as significant as population growth

AND

Farmers are the hardest working people with the most stressful job

.

The next generation doesn't want

to be an agricultural labourer

The next generation wants to eat meat

Superdomestication

Technologists deliver the design using appropriate methods and sources of diversity

- biodiversity

- mutations

- crossing

- tissue culture

- transformation

Trude Schwarzacher, Farah Badakshi, Faisal Nourouz, Suneetha Eluru, Azhar Mohamad, Dharyasheel Desai, Chee How Teo

Asha Nair Kerala

Keerthy Santhosh Kerala

Anath Das Orissa

Takuji Sasaki, Takashi Matsumoto Japan BAC sequencing

Jaroslav Dolezel Musa Genomics Resource Centre, Oloumec

Mathieu Rouard, Nicolas Roux, Bioversity

Luis Rodríguez Zapata, Andrew James, CICY, Mexico

Angelique D’Hont, Isabelle Hippolyte, Christophe Baurens, Frederic Bakry, CIRAD, France

Foo Cheung, William A. Moskal, Chris Town, USA

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2n=2x=22 chromsomes

in wild diploid banana

The Genome

.

2n=3x=33 in many cultivars

(some 2x, some 4x)

Genomics, biodiversity and breeding in banana

Pat Heslop-Harrison - phh4@le.ac.uk

www.AoBBlog.com - www.MolCyt.com

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Sustainability and the tragedy of the commons

A partnership of farmers, breeders, physiologists, morpho-taxonomists and genomic scientists to design the crops the consumers want and the environment needs

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