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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acid
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compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7
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activation energy
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energy that is needed to get a reaction started
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active site
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A specific region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis (a chemical reaction that occurs at an increased rate) takes place; also called the binding site
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adhesion
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force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
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amino acid
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compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
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base
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compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7
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capillary action
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tendency of water to rise in a thin tube
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catalyst
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substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
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cohesion
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attraction between molecules of the same substance
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covalent bond
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type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
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dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction
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A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules.
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denature
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destroy the biochemical properties of a macromolecule by heat, acidity or other means
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enzyme
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protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions
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hydrolysis reaction
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A chemical reaction in which the interaction of a compound with water results in the decomposition of that compound.
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inorganic molecule
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Any molecule that is not considered organic or not of biological origin
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ionic bond
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chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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lipids or fats
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macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes
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macromolecule
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A polymer with a high molecular mass. Within organisms there are four main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
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monomer
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small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
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monosaccharide
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simple sugar molecule
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nucleic acid
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macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
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nucleotide
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subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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organic molecule
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A molecule containing carbon that is a part of or produced by living systems.
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polymer
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molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
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product
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elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
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protein
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macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
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reactant
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elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
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solute
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substance that is dissolved in a solution
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solution
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type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
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solvent
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dissolving substance in a solution
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specific heat
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The measure of the heat energy required to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval.
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substrate
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reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction (attaches to enzyme)
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